Austin 7

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Austin 7

Manufacturer:	Austin Motor Company
Production:	1922–1939 290,000
Predecessor:	none
Successor:	none
Class:	Microcar
Body style:	various including vans
Engine:	747 cc Straight-4

1931 Austin 7 Swallow saloon

Austin 7 "New Ruby" saloon

The Austin 7 was a vintage car produced from 1922 through to 1939 in the United Kingdom. It was one of the most popular cars ever produced there, often likened to a British Model T, and was licensed and copied by companies all over the world. The first BMW models were licensed Austin 7s, as were the original American Austins. In France they were made and sold as Rosengarts while in Japan Nissan also used the 7 design as the basis for their original cars, though not under license.

After World War II, many Austin 7s were rebuilt as racing cars. The first Lotus actually started out as a rebuilt Austin 7.

1 History
2 Chassis
3 Engine and Transmission
4 The Swallow
5 Licenced production
6 Body Styles
7 External links

[edit] History

Austin had, before World War I, built mainly large cars but in 1909 they sold a single cylinder 7 hp built by Swift of Coventry called the Austin Seven. After this they returned to bigger cars, but Sir Herbert Austin felt a smaller car would be more popular, in spite of protestations from the company's board of directors who were concerned about the financial status of the company. Austin won them over by threatening to take the idea to their competitor Wolseley, and got permission to start on the design which was by him (chassis, suspension etc) and Stanley Edge (engine) working together from 1921 into 1922 at Austin's home, Lickey Grange. Austin put a large amount of his own money into the design and patented many of its innovations in his own name. In return for the investment he was paid a royalty of two guineas (£2.10) on every car sold.

Two thousand cars were made in the first year of production, not as many as hoped, but within a few years the "big car in miniature" had wiped out the cyclecar industry and transformed the fortunes of Austin. By 1939 when production finally ended, 290,000 cars and vans had been made.

[edit] Chassis

The Austin 7 was considerably smaller than the Ford Model T. The wheelbase was only 6 ft 3 inches (1.905 m), and the track only 40 inches (1.016 m). Equally it was lighter - less than half the Ford's weight at 794 pounds (360 kg). The engine required for adequate performance was therefore equally reduced and the 747 cc sidevalve was quite capable with a modest 10 hp output.

The chassis took the form of an "A" with the engine mounted between the channel sections at the narrow front end. The rear suspension was by quarter elliptic springs cantilevered from the rear of the chassis while at the front the beam axle had a centrally mounted half elliptic transverse spring. Early cars did not have any shock absorbers. Brakes were on all wheels but at first the front brakes were operated by the handbrake and the rear by the footbrake becoming fully coupled in 1930.

Steering is by worm and wheel mechanism.

[edit] Engine and Transmission

The four cylinder 747 cc, 56 mm bore by 76 mm stroke, side valve engine was composed of an aluminium crankcase, cast iron cylinder block and cast iron cylinder head. The pressure lubricated crankshaft at first ran in two bearings changing to three in 1936. An electric starter was fitted from November 1923 and although the early cars used magneto ignition, this changed to coil in 1928.

The 3 speed and reverse gearbox was built in-unit with the engine and had a variety of ratios depending on application. A four speed gearbox was introduced in 1932 and in 1933 synchromesh was added to third and top ratios extending to second gear in 1934.

The back axle was of spiral bevel type with ratios between 4.4:1 and 5.6:1. A short torque tube runs forward from the differential housing to a bearing and bracket on the rear axlke cross member.

[edit] The Swallow

In the 1920's William Lyons, co-founder of Jaguar was making motor cycle sidecars in Blackpool under the name Swallow. In 1927 he decide to branch out into car bodies and started with the Austin 7. Various styles were produced up to 1932 when he started making complete cars under the SS brand.

[edit] Licenced production

Versions of the Austin 7 were made under licence by American Austin from 1930, Dixi (later BMW) in Germany from 1927 and Rosengart in France from 1928. In addition, chassis and running gear were exported to Japan and Australia to have locally made bodies attached.

[edit] Body Styles

[edit] Tourers

Type	Name	Description	From	To
XL		prototypes	1922
AB		Aluminium body four seater	1922	1924
AC			1924	1926
AD		Four seater	1926	1929
AE		Four seater. Two inches wider than AD	1929	1929
		Two seater	1929	1930
AF		Steel bodied Four seater	1930	1932
AH		Pressed steel body. Four seater	1932
AAK	Open road Tourer	Cowled radiator		1934
AH		Pressed steel body. Four seater	1932
PD		Two seater	1934
APD	Opal	Two seater	1934	1936
AAL	Open Road Tourer	Covered spare wheel	1935
AH		Pressed steel body. Four seater	1932
APE	New Opal	Two seater	1936

[edit] Saloons

Type	Name	Description	From	To
R		Aluminium or fabric saloon	1926	1927
RK		Aluminium or fabric saloon	1927
RL		Steel saloon	1930
RG		Fabric saloon	1930
RN		Long wheelbase steel saloon
RP			1932
ARQ	Ruby	Saloon	1934
ARR	"New" Ruby	Saloon	1936

[edit] Cabriolet

Type	Name	Description	From	To
AC	Pearl	Cabriolet version of ARQ Ruby.	1934
ACA	"New" Pearl	Cabriolet version of ARR New Ruby.	1936

[edit] Sports

Type	Name	Description	From	To
50 mph		Aluminium bodied. Long tail		1926
E Super Sports		Aluminium bodied. No doors	1927	1928
EA Sports	Ulster	Aluminium bodied. No doors
EB 65	Type 65	Aluminium body, steel wings. Rounded tail.	1933	1934
AEB	Nippy	All steel	1934	1937
EK 75	Speedy	Aluminium body. Pointed tail.
AEK	Speedy	Redesignation of EK 75		1935

[edit] Coupés

Type	Name	Description	From	To
Type B		Upper body fabric.	1928	1931

[edit] Vans

Type	Description	From	To
AB, AC and AD	Converted tourer	1923	1927
AE		1929	1930
RK	Converted RK saloon
RM	Converted RL saloon
RN	Converted RN saloon
RP	Converted RP saloon	1933
AVH
AVJ and AVK	Converted Ruby		1939