Auch

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Administration
Commune of Auch Cathedral and town center of Auch standing on top of the antique oppidum
Location
Longitude	00° 35' 21" E
Latitude	43° 38' 47" N
Country	France
Région	Midi-Pyrénées
Département	Gers (préfecture)
Arrondissement	Auch
Canton	Chief town of 4 cantons
Intercommunality	Grand Auch
Mayor	Claude Bétaille (2001-2008)
Statistics
Altitude	115 m–281 m (avg. 166 m)
Land area¹	72.48 km²
Population² (1999)	21,838
- Density (1999)	301/km²
Miscellaneous
INSEE/Postal code	32013/ 32000
¹ French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq. mi. or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
² Population sans doubles comptes: single count of residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel).

Auch (pronounced /ɔʃ/ in French) (Gascon Occitan: Aush, pronounced /awʃ/) is a town and commune in southwestern France. Located inside the région Midi-Pyrénées, it is the préfecture (capital) of the Gers département. Auch is the historical capital of Gascony. At the 1999 census there were 24,725 inhabitants in the urban area of Auch.

1 History
- 1.1 The Ausci
- 1.2 Capital of Gascony
2 Sights
3 Geography
4 Transportation
5 Miscellaneous
6 External link

[edit] History

[edit] The Ausci

Auch is a very ancient town. The name of Auch comes from the Aquitanian tribe that inhabited the area at the time of the Roman conquest in the 50s BC. The name of this tribe, as recorded by the Romans, was Ausci (pronounced /awski/ in Latin), singular Auscus. Aquitanians spoke a language related to the old Basque language, and a striking fact is that the name Ausci seems related to the native name of the modern Basques, who call themselves Euskal (pronounced /ewskal/ in Basque).

At the time of the Roman conquest, the native name of Auch, as recorded by the Romans, was Elimberris. Elimberris is itself a variant of Iliberri, where Ili- comes from the Iberian word iltir' or iltur (the "t" is mute) meaning town, city, oppidum, a frequent prefix in names of Iberian cities, and which was probably borrowed into Basque and also Aquitanian (cf. modern Basque hiri, meaning "town"). In modern Basque there is also the word berri which means "new", so Iliberri is often interpreted as meaning "new oppidum" (based on the fact that Aquitanian and old Basque are related). However, this interpretation should be taken with caution. In the south of Spain, near Granada, an area far away from the Basque homeland, there was an Iberian city whose name the Romans also recorded as Iliberi, and here it seems the name recorded by the Romans is the phonetic transcription of Iberian Ilbirir, which comes from the Iberian stem ilbi- (meaning unknown), and not at all from an hypothetical il(t)i- (town) and Basque berri.

The Romans renamed the town Augusta Auscorum (or Augusta Ausciorum), which means "Augusta of the Ausci". Eventually, Augusta was dropped, and the name evolved into modern Gascon Aush, and modern French Auch. Inhabitants of Auch are known in French as Auscitains (pronounced /ositɛ̃/)

[edit] Capital of Gascony

During Roman times, Auch was one of the twelve civitates of the province of Novempopulana (Gascony).

In 409, when Éauze, the capital of Novempopulana, was ruined by the Vandals, Auch replaced it as the capital of Gascony. It became the seat of a Catholic archdiocese, covering the whole of Gascony, which lasted until the French Revolution, and whose archbishops claimed the title of Primate of Aquitaine, Novempopulana, and of the kingdom of Navarre.

[edit] Sights

Auch is known for its Renaissance Cathédrale Sainte-Marie with its magnificent organ, carved stalls and rose stained-glass windows, La Tour d'Armagnac - a 14th century prison, as well as a statue of d'Artagnan who was based on the real life person, Charles de Batz, Comte d'Artagnan born nearby in the château de Castelmore, and written about by Alexandre Dumas.