Aruba
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Aruba | |||||
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| Anthem: Aruba Dushi Tera | |||||
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| Capital (and largest city) |
Oranjestad |
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| Official languages | Dutch, Papiamento | ||||
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| Government | Constitutional monarchy | ||||
| - Prime Minister | Nelson O. Oduber | ||||
| Independence | from Netherlands Antilles | ||||
| - Date | 1 January 1986 | ||||
| Area | |||||
| - Total | 193 km² 74.5 sq mi |
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| - Water (%) | negligible | ||||
| Population | |||||
| - 2006 estimate | 102,695 (195th) | ||||
| - Density | 571/km² (18th) 1479/sq mi |
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| GDP (PPP) | 2004 estimate | ||||
| - Total | $2.13 billion (182nd) | ||||
| - Per capita | $21,800 (32nd) | ||||
| Currency | Aruban florin (AWG) |
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| Time zone | AST (UTC-4) | ||||
| Internet TLD | .aw | ||||
| Calling code | +297 | ||||
Aruba is a 32 km-long island of the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean Sea, 27 km north of the Paraguaná Peninsula, Falcón State, Venezuela. It is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Unlike much of the Caribbean region, it has a dry climate and an arid, cactus-strewn landscape. This climate has helped tourism as visitors to the island can reliably expect warm, sunny weather. It has a land area of 193 km².
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[edit] History
Discovered and claimed by Spain in 1499, Aruba was conquered by the Dutch in 1636. The island's economy has been dominated by three main industries: gold mining, petroleum, and tourism. In 1944 it would be attacked by German submarines. This operation was carried out by Admiral Donitz.
Aruba seceded from the Netherlands Antilles on January 1, 1986, and became a separate, self-governing member of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Movement toward full independence by 1996 was halted at Aruba's request in 1990.
[edit] Politics
- Main articles on politics and government of Aruba can be found at the Politics and government of Aruba series.
As a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Aruba's politics takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic an eight-member Cabinet. The governor general is appointed for a six-year term by the monarch, and the prime minister and deputy prime minister are elected by the Staten for four-year terms. The legislature or Staten is made up of 21 members elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms.
Together with the European part of the Netherlands and the Dutch Antilles, Aruba forms a federacy.
[edit] Law
Legal jurisdiction lies with a Gerecht in Eerste Aanleg (Court of First Instance) on Aruba, a Gemeenschappelijk Hof van Justitie voor de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba (Common Court of Justice of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba and the Hoge Raad der Nederlanden (Supreme Court of Justice of the Netherlands).
[edit] Geography
One of the Lesser Antilles, specifically in the Leeward Antilles island arc, Aruba is a generally flat, riverless island renowned for its white sand beaches. Most of these are located on the western and southern coasts of the island, which are relatively sheltered from fierce ocean currents. The northern and eastern coasts, lacking this protection, are considerably more battered by the sea and have been left largely untouched by humans. The interior of the island features some rolling hills, the better two of which are called Hooiberg at 165 metres (541 ft) and Mount Jamanota, which is the highest on the island, at 188 metres (617 ft) above sea level. Oranjestad, the capital, is located at .
As a separate member state of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the island has no administrative subdivisions. On the east are Curaçao and Bonaire, two island territories which form the southwest part of the Netherlands Antilles; Aruba and these two Netherlands Antilles islands are also known as the ABC islands.
The local climate is a pleasant tropical marine climate. Little seasonal temperature variation exists, which helps Aruba to attract tourists all year round. Temperatures are almost constant at about 28 °C (82 °F), moderated by constant trade winds from the Atlantic Ocean. Yearly precipitation barely reaches 500 mm (20 in), most of it falling in late autumn.
[edit] Economy
Aruba enjoys one of the highest standards of living in the Caribbean region, with low poverty and unemployment rates. About half of the Aruban Gross National Product is earned through tourism or related activities. Most of the tourists are from Canada, the European Union and the United States, which is the country's largest trading partner. Before the Status Aparte (Secession from the Neth. Antilles) oil processing was the dominant industry in Aruba, despite expansion of the tourism sector. Today, the influence of the oil processing business is minimal. The size of the agriculture and manufacturing industries remains minimal.
Deficit spending has been a staple in Aruba's history, and modestly high inflation has been present as well, although recent efforts at tightening monetary policy may correct this. Aruba receives some development aid from the Dutch government each year. The Aruban florin is pegged to the United States dollar with a fixed exchange rate where 1.79 florin equals 1 U.S. dollar.
[edit] Demographics
Having poor soil and aridity, Aruba was saved from plantation economics and the slave trade. In 1515, the Spanish transported the entire population to Hispaniola to work in the copper mines; most were allowed to return when the mines were tapped out. The Dutch, who took control a century later, left the Arawaks to graze livestock, using the island as a source of meat for other Dutch possessions in the Caribbean. The Arawak heritage is stronger on Aruba than on most Caribbean islands. No full-blooded Aboriginals remain, but the features of the islanders clearly indicate their genetic heritage. The majority of the population is descended from Arawak, Dutch and Spanish ancestors. Recently there has been substantial immigration to the island from neighboring Latin American and Caribbean nations, attracted by the lure of well-paying jobs.
The two official languages are the Dutch language and the predominant, national language Papiamento. This creole language is formed primarily from 16th century Portuguese, and several other languages. Spanish and English are also spoken. Islanders can often speak four or more languages and are mostly Roman Catholic.
[edit] Culture
The origins of the population and location of the island give Aruba a mixed culture. Dutch influence can still be seen, even though not much of the population is of Dutch origin. Tourism from the United States has recently also increased the visibility of American culture on the island. Queen Beatrix International Airport, located near Oranjestad, currently serves the whole island of Aruba. This airport has access to various cities across the eastern United States, from Miami, Orlando, Houston, Atlanta, New York and Boston. It also connects Aruba with Europe through Schiphol Airport in the Netherlands.
The holiday of Carnival is an important one in Aruba, as it is in many Caribbean and Latin American countries. Carnival is usually held from the beginning of January until the end of February, with a large parade on the final Sunday of the festivities.
[edit] Language
Language can be seen as an important part of island culture in Aruba. The cultural mixture has given way to a linguistic mixture known as Papiamento. However, islanders are known to speak many languages. Islanders often speak Papiamento, English, Dutch and Spanish. In recent years the government of Aruba has shown an increased interest in acknowledging the cultural and historical importance of its native language.
[edit] Places of interest
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[edit] See also
- Communications in Aruba
- Divi-divi
- Foreign relations of Aruba
- Military of Aruba
- Scouting Aruba
- Transportation in Aruba
[edit] External links
- Central Bank of Aruba
- Aruba Ports Authority
- Aruba Airport Authority
- Aruba.com - Governmental tourism portal
- CIA World Factbook entry on Aruba
Independent nations
Commonwealth Realms: Antigua and Barbuda • Bahamas • Barbados • Grenada • Jamaica • Saint Kitts and Nevis • Saint Lucia • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Commonwealth republics: Dominica • Trinidad and Tobago
Other republics: Cuba • Dominican Republic & Haiti (both on Hispaniola)
Dependencies
British: Anguilla ∙ British Virgin Islands ∙ Cayman Islands ∙ Montserrat ∙ Turks and Caicos Islands • Dutch: Aruba & Netherlands Antilles •
French: Guadeloupe & Martinique • U.S.: Navassa Island ∙ Puerto Rico ∙ U.S. Virgin Islands
Antigua and Barbuda • Bahamas¹ • Barbados • Belize • Dominica • Grenada • Guyana • Haiti¹ • Jamaica • Montserrat² • Saint Kitts and Nevis • Saint Lucia • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines • Suriname • Trinidad and Tobago
Associate members: Anguilla • Bermuda • Cayman Islands • British Virgin Islands • Turks and Caicos Islands
Observer status: Aruba • Colombia • Dominican Republic • Mexico • Netherlands Antilles • Puerto Rico • Venezuela
¹ member of the community but not the CARICOM (Caribbean) Single Market and Economy
² territory of the United Kingdom awaiting British instruments of entrustment to join the CSME
Argentina • Bolivia • Brazil • Chile • Colombia • Ecuador • Guyana • Panama* • Paraguay • Peru • Suriname • Trinidad and Tobago* • Uruguay • Venezuela
Dependencies: Aruba (Netherlands)* • Falkland Islands (UK) • French Guiana • Netherlands Antilles* • South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (UK)
* Territories also in or commonly reckoned elsewhere in the Americas, i.e. North America.
| Territories under European sovereignty but closer to or on continents other than Europe (see inclusion criteria for further information) | |
| Denmark | Greenland |
| France |
Clipperton Island · French Guiana · French Polynesia · French Southern and Antarctic Lands · Guadeloupe · Martinique · Mayotte · New Caledonia · Réunion · Saint-Pierre and Miquelon · Scattered islands in the Indian Ocean · Wallis and Futuna |
| Italy | Pantelleria · Pelagie Islands |
| Netherlands | Aruba · Netherlands Antilles |
| Norway | Bouvet Island |
| Portugal | Azores · Madeira |
| Spain | Canary Islands · Plazas de soberanía (Ceuta, Melilla) |
| United Kingdom |
Anguilla · Ascension Island · Bermuda · British Virgin Islands · Cayman Islands · Falkland Islands · Montserrat · Saint Helena · Tristan da Cunha · Turks and Caicos Islands · British Indian Ocean Territory · Pitcairn Islands · South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands |
