Archbishop Quigley Preparatory Seminary

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Archbishop Quigley Preparatory Seminary, is the Archdiocese of Chicago's high school for boys considering the priesthood. The predecessor of the school, Cathedral College, was founded in 1905. George Cardinal Mundelein announced plans for the building of a preparatory seminary at Rush and Chestnut (103 East Chestnut Street, now located one block west of Water Tower Place.) in downtown Chicago in 1915. Cardinal Mundelein named the school in honor of his predecessor, Archbishop James Edward Quigley.[1] Classes were first held at school's current location in September 1918.

Cardinal Mundelein, following the educational theories of Johann Wolfgang Goethe, surrounded Quigley students with great architectural beauty:

"This will unquestionably be the most beautiful building here in Chicago, not excluding the various buildings of the University of Chicago."[2]

Quigley's chapel of St. James, with stained glass modeled after Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, today listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is one of Chicago's most breathtaking spiritual spaces.

Perhaps the most memorable event in Quigley Seminary's history came on Tuesday, May 18, 1937, when Cardinal Mundelein, speaking to 500 priests at Quigley during a quarterly diocesan conference, lashed out at Nazi leaders Adolph Hitler, Joseph Goebbels, and Hermann Goering for using the pretext of "immorality" and sexual scandals to attack Catholic religious orders, organizations, and German Catholic schools, which at the time educated two million children, saying:

The fight is to take the children away from us. If we show no interest in this matter now, if we shrug our shoulders and mutter, 'Maybe there is some truth in it, or maybe it is not our fight;' if we don't back up our Holy Father (Pope Pius XI) when we have a chance, well when our turn comes we, too, will be fighting alone. . . . Perhaps you will ask how it is that a nation of sixty million people, intelligent people, will submit in fear to an alien, an Austrian paperhanger, and a poor one at that I am told, and a few associates like Goebbels and Goering who dictate every move of the people's lives...[3]

Nazi minister Goebbels, labeled a "crooked minister of propaganda" in the same speech by Mundelein, responded furiously within days at a mass rally with 18,000 attendants, demanding that the Vatican discipline Mundelein, which it refused to do. Nazi attacks on German Catholic institutions intensified, and 200 Catholic newspapers were shut down.[4] In Philadelphia, the International Brotherhood of Painters, Paperhangers, and Decorators for their part took exception to the Cardinal's classification of Hitler as a "paperhanger" in any case, despite Mundelein's remarks "he was not a very good one."[5]

Mundelein similarly championed Quigley,[6] and personally recruited Catholic families to send their sons into the priesthood, including Frederick and Reynold Hillenbrand, sons of the dentist of Mundelein's niece, and later of Mundelein himself.[7] In a January 2, 1938 speech to 2,000 members of the Holy Name Society at Holy Name Cathedral, Chicago, Mundelein said:

Our place is beside the poor, behind the working man. They are our people; they build our churches, they occupy our pews, their children crowd our schools, our priests come from their sons. They look to us for leadership, but they look to us, too, for support.[8]

Chicago's poor and working people were comprised of many immigrant groups, and Mundelein used his seminaries to break down ethnic barriers among the clergy. Ethnic groups fought back, and demanded concessions from Mundelein to preserve their identity. One such concession was that Quigley students of Polish descent had to learn Polish, a practice that continued from Mundelein's day until 1960.[9]

In the late 1950’s because of over-crowding, at the direction of Cardinal Albert G. Meyer the seminary built a new high school, Quigley Preparatory Seminary South, near 79th St. on Western Ave., which opened in 1961. For a short period in the early 1960s, both Quigley campuses held joint events, including graduations, in order to instill among the students the spirit of sharing one school.[10] On October 5, 1979, Pope John Paul II visited Quigley South, and said:

Dear seminarians, I extend a special greeting to all of you who are present here today. I want you to know that you have a special place in my thoughts and prayers. Be strong in your faith--faith in Christ and His Church...revealed and accomplished through His Son and the Holy Spirit. Study the faith diligently so that your knowledge of Christ will continually increase. And nourish your faith each day at Mass, for in the Eucharist you have the source and greatest expression of your faith. God bless you.[11]

In December 1989, facing declining enrollment, the Archdiocese announced the closure of both Quigley North and Quigley South as of June 1990, combining both schools into Archbishop Quigley Seminary at the original downtown site for the 1990 Fall term. For several weeks in early 1990, Quigley students[12] and alumni from both institutions picketed the mansion[13]of Cardinal Joseph Bernardin and published a full-page ad in the Chicago Sun-Times,[14] but many of the protesters later joined in supporting the combined Archbishop Quigley Seminary.

As of the Fall of 2006, with an enrollment of approximately 200 students, Quigley was the largest of the seven remaining preparatory seminaries in the country.[15]

The Archdiocese announced on September 19, 2006 that Quigley's doors will be shut at the end of this school year in June 2007.[16][17] The site will become home to the new archdiocesan Pastoral Center after 1 year of renovation, with a "Quigley Scholars" program being established to support priestly vocations among high school boys.

Quigley alumni have made significant contributions to the quality of life in America and beyond, and continue to make their mark within Catholicism in particular.

[edit] Noted alumni

  • Edward Cardinal Egan, (Q '47) Archbishop of New York City
  • Archbishop Wilton D. Gregory, (QS '65) Archbishop of Atlanta, Georgia, former president of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops.
  • Archbishop John G. Vlazny, (Q '55) Archbishop of Portland, Oregon
  • Archbishop James P. Keleher, (Q '51) retired Archbishop of Kansas City, Kansas
  • Archbishop William E. Cousins, (Q '21) 1902-1988, Archbishop of Milwaukee, WI
  • Archbishop Paul C. Marcinkus, (Q '40) 1922-2006, Pro-President of Vatican City State
  • Archbishop John L. May, (Q '40) 1922-1994, Archbishop of St. Louis, MO
  • Bishop Edward K. Braxton, (QS '62) Bishop of Belleville, IL
  • Bishop Raymond E. Goedert, (Q '45) retired Auxiliary Bishop of Chicago, former Vicar General
  • Bishop John M. Gorman, (Q '45) retired Auxiliary Bishop of Chicago
  • Bishop Thaddeus J. Jakubowski (Q '43) retired Auxiliary bishop of Chicago
  • Bishop Francis J. Kane, (Q '61) Auxiliary Bishop of Chicago
  • Bishop Gerald F. Kicanas, (Q '60), Bishop of Tucson, AZ
  • Bishop Jerome E. Listecki, (QS '67) Bishop of La Crosse, Wisconsin
  • Bishop Timothy J. Lyne, (Q '37) retired Auxiliary Bishop of Chicago
  • Bishop John R. Manz, (QN '63) Auxiliary Bishop of Chicago
  • Bishop Thomas J. Paprocki, (QS '70) Auxiliary Bishop of Chicago
  • Bishop George J. Rassas, (Q '61) Auxiliary Bishop of Chicago
  • Bishop Edward J. Slattery, (Q '59) Bishop of Tulsa, OK
  • Bishop Ernest J. Primeau, (Q '28) 1909-1989, bishop of Manchester, NH
  • Bishop Aloysius J. Wycislo, (Q '28) 1908-2005, bishop of Green Bay, WI, friend of John Paul II
  • Bishop Romeo R. Blanchette, (Q '31) 1913-1982, Bishop of Joliet, IL
  • Bishop Thomas J. Grady, (Q '32) 1914-2002, Bishop of Orlando, FL
  • Bishop William E. McManus, (Q '33) 1914-1997, Bishop of Fort Wayne-South Bend, IN
  • Bishop Tadeu Henrique (Jude) Prost, O.F.M. (Q '34) 1915-1994, Auxiliary Bishop of Belém do Pará, Para, Brazil[18]
  • Bishop Cletus F. O'Donnell (Q '35) 1917-1992, bishop of Madison, WI
  • Bishop Raymond J. Vonesh (Q '35) 1916-1991, auxiliary bishop of Joliet, IL, canon lawyer[19]
  • Bishop Alfred Abramowicz, (Q '37) 1919-1999, as Director of the Catholic League for Religious Assistance to Poland from 1960, was principal US fundraising and organizational contact for Polish Solidarity movement, Chicago auxiliary bishop, friend of John Paul II[20]
  • Bishop Michael R. P. Dempsey, (Q '37) 1918-1974 co-founder, first national director, and champion of the Catholic Campaign for Human Development, Chicago auxiliary bishop[21][22]
  • Bishop Thomas J. Murphy, (Q '51) 1932-1997, Bishop of Seattle, WA
  • Bishop John R. Keating, (Q '52) 1934-1998, Bishop of Arlington, VA
  • Bishop Edwin M. Conway, (Q '53) 1934-2004, Auxiliary Bishop of Chicago
  • Monsignor Robert Dempsey, (QN '72) former editor of L'Osservatore Romano, English edition
  • Monsignor John J. "Jack" Egan, (Q '37) late social and civil rights activist,[23] educator, friend of Saul Alinsky. De Paul University's Egan Urban Center was named in his memory
  • Monsignor William J. Quinn, (Q '33) 1915-2004, Original chaplain to the Young Christian Workers, the Young Christian Students and the Christian Family Movement; first Executive Secretary of the U.S. Bishops' Committee for Migrant Workers; liaison between the U.S. bishops and the bishops of Latin America; paritus at Vatican II; international lecturer; pastor.
  • Monsignor John M. Hayes, (Q '25) 1906-2002, pastor, Catholic Action chaplain, predecessor of George C. Higgins as "labor priest" for US bishops in Washington, marched at Selma[24]
  • Monsignor George C. Higgins, (Q '34) late labor priest,[25] author, educator, recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2000
  • Monsignor Reynold Hillenbrand, (Q '24) 1904-1979, liturgical visionary,[26] mentor to "Specialized Catholic Action" and social action movements,[27] St. Mary of the Lake Seminary rector, 1935-1944. His activist proteges D. Cantwell, J.J. Egan, G.C. Higgins, W.J. Quinn, J.A. Voss and others were called "Hilly's Men"[28]
  • Monsignor Joseph T. Kush (Q '29) 1911-1991, professor of Sacred Music at St. Mary of the Lake Seminary and DePaul University, pastor[29]
  • Monsignor Ignatius McDermott, (Q '29) late minister to alcoholics and homeless, founder of Haymarket Center
  • Monsignor Daniel Cantwell, (Q '33) late chaplain to the Catholic interracial apostolate Friendship House,[30] liturgical reformer, civil rights activist, champion of the laity, women in the Church, and the disabled
  • Monsignor John P. O'Donnell, (Q '41) playwright, Quigley rector
  • Rev. John Canary, (Q '61) Vicar General of the Archdiocese of Chicago
  • Rev. Francis C. Murphy, (Q '27) 1909-1994, Quigley professor, WWII Navy chaplain, pastor[31]
  • Rev. Matthias H. Hoffman, (Q '34) pastor, beloved seminary professor
  • Rev. James A. Voss (Q '34) 1916-1984, Co-founder of the Cana Movement, beloved Quigley professor for 29 years, pastor
  • Rev. Anthony J. Karlovecius, MM (Q '40) 1922-1969, missionary, imprisoned by Communists in China for eight months in 1951[32]
  • Rev. William J. Cogan, (Q '44) Founder and President ACTA Foundation, Adult Catechetical Teaching Aids.
  • Rev. Robert A. Reicher, (Q '45) 1927-1972, sociology professor at Barat College and Niles College Seminary, co-founder of the Illinois Migrant Council, executive secretary of the Chicago Archdiocesan Office of Conciliation and Arbitration[33]
  • Rev. Martin N. Winters, (Q '45) retired WMAQ NBC5 television host, historian, Francophile, raconteur, seminary professor
  • Rev. Stanley R. Rudcki, (Q '46) symphony and choral conductor[34][35][36][37] pianist, organist, composer, seminary professor
  • Rev. Andrew M. Greeley, (Q '47) author, sociologist, Chicago Sun-Times columnist
  • Rev. Edward J. Maloney, (Q '48), pastor, missionary to Mexico, beloved seminary professor
  • Rev. John J. Nicola, (Q '48) technical advisor to the film, The Exorcist
  • Rev. George H. Clements, (Q '50) pastor, founder of One Church, One Child
  • Rev. Daniel P. Coughlin (Q '53) First Catholic chaplain of the United States House of Representatives[38][39]
  • Rev. Louis J. Zake, (Q '53) pastor, historian
  • Rev. John P. Smyth, (Q '54) longtime head of Maryville Academy
  • Rev. Thomas A. Tivy, (Q '55) pastor
  • Rev. James J. Close, (Q '56) oversaw expansion and improvement of Mercy Home for Boys & Girls
  • Rev. Lawrence J. Craig, (QS '65) 1947-2006, founder and executive director of Kolbe House Catholic Prison Ministry[40]
  • Rev. Dominic J. Grassi, (QN '65) pastor, author
  • Rev. Mitchell C. Pacwa, SJ, (QN '67) EWTN television host, theologian, author, friend of Mother Angelica
  • Rev. Anthony Brankin, (QS '67) pastor, sculptor[41] trained at Libera Accademia di Belle Arti di Roma, musician, harpmaker
  • Rev. Michael Pfleger, (QS '67) pastor, civil rights activist
  • Rev. C. Frank Phillips, CR, (QN '68) pastor, founder of the Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius
  • Rev. John L. Gibson, OCD, (QN '69) missionary to Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Albania, Korea, Mexico, friend of Mother Teresa
  • Rev. Kevin Hays, (QN '69) missionary to Latin America, pastor[42]
  • Rev. Daniel G. Mayall, (QN '69) pastor, Holy Name Cathedral, Chicago, dean
  • Rev. Dr. Louis R. Tarsitano (QN '69) late Anglican Church in America priest, author, and editor
  • Rev. Philip C. Cleary, (QN '71) Executive Director, Nuestros Pequeños Hermanos International
  • Rev. William T. Corcoran, (QS '73) pastor, seminary professor
  • Rev. Brian G. Walker, OP, (QS '74) pastor, missionary
  • John P. Fahey, (Q '29) 1911-1986, Chicago Police Town Hall district commander, founder of Operation Crime Stop in Chicago[43]
  • John Jordan, (Q '29) 1910-1991 Notre Dame University basketball coach,[44] 1951-1964
  • Ray Meyer, (Q '33) late DePaul University and Basketball Hall of Fame coach. College coach of George Mikan, Mark Aguirre, Terry Cummings
  • Edward A. Marciniak, (Q '36) 1917-2004, lay Catholic and urban activist, pacifist, sociologist, editor, city commissioner, and author. Catholic Worker with Dorothy Day
  • Michael Tuomey, (Q '40) 1922-1990, attorney, founder of Friends of the Homeless in Chicago's Uptown neighborhood[45]
  • George Mikan, (Q' 41) NBA Basketball Hall of Fame player of the Minneapolis Lakers
  • Stephen X. Foley, (Q '44) automobile dealer
  • John Gibson, (Q '45) retired federal employee, father of several priests and religious women
  • Francis J. Catania, (Q '51) philosopher, retired Loyola University of Chicago dean
  • Robert McClory, (Q '51) former priest, journalist, Northwestern University Medill School of Journalism professor emeritus
  • William Ferris, (Q '55) 1937-2000 choral director and composer. Founder of the William Ferris Chorale
  • Patrick G. Guinan, (Q '55) physician, retired University of Illinois at Chicago urology professor, president of Catholic Physicians' Guild of Chicago
  • Richard J. Phelan, (Q '55) special counsel for US House investigation of former Speaker Jim Wright,[46] former President of the Cook County Board, attorney
  • Philip J. Rock, (Q '56) former Illinois State Senate president
  • Richard Morrisroe, (Q '57) former priest shot in 1965 while a civil rights worker in Alabama, attorney
  • John J. Shea, (Q '60) theologian, poet, author, former priest
  • Henry Zuba, (Q '60), urban planner, real estate and affordable housing developer, [47] former priest
  • Edward M. Burke, (Q '61) Chicago alderman
  • James M. Houlihan, (Q '61) Cook County assessor
  • Edward R. Kantowicz, (Q '61) historian, author
  • Michael McCaskey, (Q '61) former president, Chicago Bears
  • Thomas P. Coffey, (QS '62) Chicago director of intergovernmental affairs under Mayor Harold Washington,[48] attorney
  • Hon.Gerald M. Zopp, Jr., (QN '63) McHenry, IL county judge
  • Francis J. Bomher, (QS '65) CPA
  • Lawrence Suffredin, (QN '65) Cook County Commissioner, attorney
  • Hon. Daniel G. Welter, (QS '67) judge, deacon
  • Thom Clark, (QN '68) peace and housing activist, editor, founder of Community Media Workshop
  • Neil Sullivan, (QN '68) deputy director of homeland security for the Chicago's Office of Emergency Management and Communication,[49] police commander
  • Michael F. Schubert, (QS '68) city planner, neighborhood development strategist, former Chicago housing commissioner,[50] founder, New Homes for Chicago program[51]
  • Dan Savage, (name, class not listed in alumni directory) sex columnist, author of Savage Love
  • Ed Zotti aka Cecil Adams, (QN '69) Columnist and Author of The Straight Dope
  • John G. Iberle, (QN '71) real estate executive
  • Mark J. Teresi, (QN '73) Vice President of Institutional Advancement at the University of St. Mary of the Lake/Mundelein Seminary
  • Michael Edward Harper, (QS '76) three-time Division III All American and three-time Division III national champion basketball player with North Park University, later of the NBA Portland Trailblazers, State Farm Insurance Agent
  • Francisco San Miguel, (QS '78) 1961-1992, AIDS Activist, Francisco San Miguel Apartments in Chicago's Edgewater neighborhood are named in his honor[52]
  • Martin Sandoval, (QS '82) Illinois State Senator
  • Victor Villalobos, (QN '82) Director of community relations, St. Mary of Nazareth Hospital
  • Jesús J. Huerta, (QS '88) Director of Pastoral Formation at St. Joseph College Seminary
  • Karl Hench, (AQ '00) contestant on the television show Beauty and the Geek
  • Andrew Sawa, (AQ '03) contestant on the third season of the television show Beauty and the Geek
  • Mark Heneghan, (AQ'06) President of the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity at Creighton University

[edit] References

  1. ^ [1] Ellen Skerrett, Edward R. Kantowicz, and Steven M. Avella, Catholicism, Chicago Style, Loyola Press, 1993
  2. ^ [2] Ellen Skerrett, Edward R. Kantowicz, and Steven M. Avella, Catholicism, Chicago Style, Loyola Press, 1993, pg. 68
  3. ^ [3] "Mundelein rips into Hitler for Church attacks," Chicago Tribune, 5/19/1937, pg. 7
  4. ^ [4] Chicago Tribune, 5/23/1937; "Nazis unleash vicious attacks on Roman Catholic Church," Chicago Tribune, 5/29/1937
  5. ^ [5] Chicago Tribune, 5/27/1937
  6. ^ [6] Edward R. Kantowicz, Corporation Sole: Cardinal Mundelein and Chicago Catholicism, Notre Dame Press, 1983
  7. ^ [7] Ellen Skerrett, Edward R. Kantowicz, and Steven M. Avella, Catholicism, Chicago Style, Loyola Press, 1993, pg. 85
  8. ^ [8] "Cardinal in Chicago calls on Holy Name members to align with Social Justice," New York Times, 1/3/1938, pg. 7
  9. ^ [9] Edward R. Kantowicz, "Polish Chicago: Survival Through Solidarity," in The Ethnic Frontier: Essays in the history of Group Survival in Chicago and the Midwest, edited by Melvin G. Holli and Peter d'A. Jones, Eerdmans, 1977, pg. 204
  10. ^ [10] Quigley: One Hundred Years of Memories, 1905-2005, Taylor Publishing, Dallas, 2006, pg. 35
  11. ^ [11] Quigley: One Hundred Years of Memories, 1905-2005, Taylor Publishing, Dallas, 2006, pg. 41
  12. ^ [12] "Students Deplore Plan to Shut Chicago Seminary," New York Times, 2/25/1990
  13. ^ [13] "Parishioners gather to fend off closing," Chicago Tribune, 1/29/1990
  14. ^ [14] "An Open Letter to Joseph Cardinal Bernardin, Archbishop of Chicago " Chicago Sun-Times, 3/4/1990, pg. 38
  15. ^ [15] Milwaukee Catholic Herald, 10/3/2002
  16. ^ [16] Letter from Fr. Peter Snieg, 9/19/2006
  17. ^ [17] "Quigley families say church misses calling," Chicago Tribune, 9/26/2006
  18. ^ [18] "Brazilian Bishop Jude Prost, 78; Retired in Chicago," Chicago Tribune, 8/4/1994
  19. ^ [19] "Bishop R.J. Vonesh, 75, an expert on canon law," Chicago Tribune, 8/21/1991
  20. ^ [20] "Chicago, Vatican mourn a friend, coinciding with a funeral at Holy Name, Pope John Paul II says a Mass for his friend, a giant in the Polish community," Chicago Tribune, 9/18/1999
  21. ^ [21] "Bishop Dempsey, rights figure, dies," Chicago Tribune, 1/9/1974, p. B11
  22. ^ [22] Ann Dempsey Burke, The bishop who dared: A biography of Bishop Michael Ryan Dempsey, Valkyrie Press, 1978
  23. ^ [23] Marjorie Frisbie, An Alley in Chicago: The Life and Legacy of Monsignor John Egan, commemorative edition, Sheed & Ward, 2002
  24. ^ [24] "Monsignor John M. Hayes, 96, Chicago cleric led group of priests in Selma march," Chicago Tribune, 6/9/2002
  25. ^ [25] Social Catholicism: Essays in Honor of Monsignor Higgins, U.S. Catholic Historian, 19:4:2001
  26. ^ [26] Robert L. Tuzik, "The contribution of Msgr. Reynold Hillenbrand (1905-1979) to the Liturgical Movement in the United States: influences and development," doctoral dissertation, University of Notre Dame, 1989
  27. ^ [27] Andrew M. Greeley, The Catholic Experience: An Interpretation of the History of American Catholicism, Garden City, 1967, pg. 250
  28. ^ [28] Steven M. Avella, "Reynold Hillenbrand and Chicago Catholicism," U.S. Catholic Historian, 9:4:1990, pp. 353-370
  29. ^ [29] "Rev. Monsignor Joseph T. Kush," Chicago Tribune, 11/7/1991
  30. ^ [30] Albert Schorsch, III, "'Uncommon Women and Others': memoirs and lessons from radical Catholics at Friendship House," U.S. Catholic Historian, 9:4:1990, pp. 371-387
  31. ^ [31] "Rev. Francis C. Murphy," Chicago Tribune, 8/7/1994
  32. ^ [32] "Priest jailed by Reds in 1951 dies at age 47," Chicago Tribune, 4/10/1969
  33. ^ [33] "Funeral Mass tomorrow for Fr. Reicher," Chicago Tribune, 7/16/1972, pg. A14
  34. ^ [34] "Concerts and Recitals," Chicago Tribune, 5/8/1966, p. i11
  35. ^ [35] Chicago Tribune, 5/9/1966, p. b14
  36. ^ [36] Chicago Tribune, 5/15/1967, p. b10
  37. ^ [37] "Concerts and Recitals," Chicago Tribune, 5/19/1968, p. n16
  38. ^ [38] "Hastert picks Catholic as Chaplain, embroiled in allegations of religious bias, GOP leader turns to Chicago priest to fill post," Chicago Tribune, 3/24/2000
  39. ^ [39] "House's first Catholic Chaplain," New York Times, 3/24/2000
  40. ^ [40] "A life dedicated to those on the fringe: Helped prisoners and their families through Kolbe House ministry," Chicago Sun-Times, 6/18/2006
  41. ^ [41] "Priest's second career as an artist has the 'spark of God,'" Chicago Tribune, 7/29/1988
  42. ^ [42] "Faith of their fathers," Chicago Tribune, 4/28/1991
  43. ^ [43] "John P. Fahey, retired Town Hall police boss," Chicago Sun-Times, 4/5/1986
  44. ^ [44] "Former Notre Dame Coach John Jordan Dead at 81," Chicago Tribune, 6/15/1991
  45. ^ [45] "Michael Tuomey, 68; attorney who did free work for poor," Chicago Tribune, 5/9/1990
  46. ^ [46] "Ethics unit ready to charge Wright, Democrats report," New York Times, 4/13/1989, pg. A1
  47. ^ [47] "A zeal for his work: Hank Zuba focuses on suburban 'downtowns,'" Chicago Tribune, 2/3/1991
  48. ^ [48] "Washington is on a roll," Chicago Tribune, 4/19/1985
  49. ^ [49] "City tells unticketed Sox fans to stay away," Chicago Tribune, 10/21/2005
  50. ^ [50] "Daley mixes old, new in cabinet posts," Chicago Tribune, 4/22/1989
  51. ^ [51] "Daley offers low-cost home plan," Chicago Tribune, 4/6/1990
  52. ^ [52] "Francisco San Miguel, 31, AIDS Activist," Chicago Tribune, 4/29/1992

[edit] External links

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