Apex of the heart

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Apex of the heart
Sternocostal surface of heart. (Apex is not labeled, but is visible at bottom right.)
Diagram showing relations of opened heart to front of thoracic wall.

Ant. Anterior segment of tricuspid valve.
A O. Aorta.
A.P. Anterior papillary muscle.
In. Brachiocephalic artery (Innominate).
L.C.C. Left common carotid artery.
L.S. Left subclavian artery.
L.V. Left ventricle.
P.A. Pulmonary artery.
R.A. Right atrium.
R.V. Right ventricle.
V.S. Ventricular septum.
Latin apex cordis
Gray's subject #138 527
Dorlands/Elsevier a_52/12145026

The apex of the heart is the lowest superficial part of the heart.

It is directed downward, forward, and to the left, and is overlapped by the left lung and pleura.

[edit] External anatomy

It lies behind the fifth left intercostal space, 8 to 9 cm. from the mid-sternal line, slightly medial to the midclavicular line.

Alternately, it can be found about 4 cm. below and 2 mm. to the medial side of the left mammary papilla.

[edit] External links

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.

Cardiovascular system - Heart - edit
atria (interatrial septum, musculi pectinati) | ventricles (interventricular septum, trabeculae carneae, chordae tendinaepapillary muscle) | valves

base | apex | grooves (coronary/atrioventricular, interatrial, anterior interventricula, posterior interventricular) | surfaces (sternocostal, diaphragmatic) | borders (right, left)

right heart(vena cavaecoronary sinus) → right atrium (auricle, fossa ovalis, limbus of fossa ovalis, crista terminalis, valve of the inferior vena cava, valve of the coronary sinus) → tricuspid valve → right ventricle (conus arteriosus, moderator band/septomarginal trabecula)  → pulmonic valve  → (pulmonary artery and pulmonary circulation)

left heart: (pulmonary veins)left atrium (auricle) → mitral valveleft ventricleaortic valve (aortic sinus) → (aorta and systemic circulation)

pericardium  (sinus) | epicardium | endocardium | myocardium | cardiac skeleton (fibrous trigone, fibrous rings)

conduction systemcardiac pacemaker | Purkinje fibers | bundle of His | SA node | AV node