User talk:Antifinnugor/Critique of Finno-Ugric and Uralic language groups
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I don't think your argumentation is right.
Lots of false arguments :
The primary grammatical similiarity of these languages is agglutination. But agglutination also occurs in non-Finno-Ugric and non-Uralic languages, like Turkish, Basque, Etruscan, Persian, Armenian, and Sumerian.
That doesn't prove that they are unrelated : the germanic family is caracterised by declension of nouns ; latin, greek and russian too ; does that meen that the germanic family is false ?
These language categories came into existence at the end of the 19th century and were created by foreigners (no Finns, Estonians, Hungarians or others whose languages are categorized to be in this group). In Hungary the linguist who promoted this group was Joseph Budenz, who learned Hungarian when he was 23 years old, and was never able to speak it on the level of a native speaker. The categories came into existence for political reasons and not for linguistic ones.
And what ? The indo-european family was discovered by an Englishman basing himself on Sanskrit, Greek, Latin and Persian. He was neither an Indian, nor a Greek, nor a Latin, nor a Persian. But the indo-european family does exist and is reconized.
Extensive use of independent suffixes, also known as (agglutination)
Also exists in Amerindian languages, so don't tell me it's Sumerian influence.
No noun classes, that is no grammatical gender of words
Like in most languages.
Finnish and Estonian have no article (grammar)s, Hungarian has both determinate (the=a,az) and indeterminate (a = egy) articles.
"Egy" is the number "one" and "a, az" is a demonstrative, there isn't any real article.
Finnish uses the plural even if the sentence clearly indicates that plurality, Hungarian uses the plural inflection only if plurality were otherwise unclear. Example: five boys = öt fiú (five boy) in Hungarian.
This construction using singular after a numeral also exists in finnish.
Finnish ending order is: case ending-ownership ending. In Hungarian ownership ending always precedes the place, art, or time defining ending, e.g. házának.
English word order is : adjective - noun. French's one is : noun - adjective. They are nevertheless related.
Hungarian has and uses 6 levels of endings (ház, házak, házaké, házakéi, házakéié, házakéiétól /=house, houses, belongs to houses, belong to houses, belong to objects, that belong to houses, from objects, that belong to objects, that belong to houses/), Finnish/Estonian have maximal 4 levels, they do not have two level ownership endings.
German has 4 cases of declension, English none. They are nevertheless related.
Finnish conjugates the adjectives with the noun: nices girls, Hungarian does not: nice girls.
German conjugates the adjectives with the noun: nices girls, English does not: nice girls. They are nevertheless related.
Finnish does not have a have verb in the sense of have in "I have a dog", Hungarian has such a verb (nekem van = I have)
The verb "have" either not existing or seldom used, as in Hungarian
You should not contradict yourself, it's not serious.
Hungarian verbs can easily express, doing something repeatedly or only once for a short time. (csavar-csavargat-csavarint /= sqeeze, squeeze repeatedly, squeeze once, shortly/). Finnish misses this concept.
English can easily express, being doing something (I'm talking). German misses this concept. They are nevertheless related.
Finnish contains 17 diphtongs, while Hungarian contains none.
This is only a different way to treat ancient long vowels.
Estonian uses sometimes lots of vocals following each other, like in the sentence: Kuuuurijate töööö jäääärel. This is not the case for Hungarian
Hungarian would write Kúúrijate tõõ jéérel.
Dual, which means, besides singular and plural there is also a dual (grammatical number) form of nouns. This is completely unknown in Hungarian.
It has simply been merged with plural, just like indo-european dual extant in latin.
Let's see a bit what you think to be false cognates :
heart sydän, sydäm- süda, südam- čotta, čoddaga šüm- śələm səm szív sēw lap syli süli salla, sala šəl syl jöl öl - eye silmä silm čalbmi, čalmmi šinča śin sem szem sew
You can see that North Sami's initial "č" and Mari's initial "š" correspond good to the other languages' initial "s", and passing from one to another of these sounds is very common. We can't say these are false cognates.
hand käsi käsi giehta, gieđa kö ki köt kéz -
- Getting from *käti to "käsi" is called assibilation and is very common.
- The loss of a final consonant explains "kö" and "ki".
- "G" and "k" are very similar sounds and are interchangeable, like "t" and "đ". "Gieđa" can be so related to "käsi"
- We can't say these are false cognates. An aproximation for the original word could be *kjätV, V designateing an unknow vowel.
father isä isa áhčči, áhči apa niiśe
The word "father", Finnish isä, could be a cognate of the Hungarian word ős (ancestor), but the correct Hungarian word for father is apa.
- Don't you see "-iśe" in "niiśe" ?
- Words don't need to mean exactly the same thing to be cognates : words may change sense, for exemple, the french abri "shelter" comes from a word signifieing "to take a sunbath" !
- We can't say these are false cognates.
fire tuli tuli dolla tul ti̮l tűz tuu
"T" and "d" are very similar sounds and are interchangeable, like "o" and "u", so "dolla" corresponds perfectly to "tuli" with moreover the same change of final vowel we saw between "gieđa" and "käsi".
1 yksi üks ütś okta ohta vejke ikte akva egy 2 kaksi kaks katś guokte kyeh´ti kavto kokət kityg kettő 3 kolme kolm kolm golbma kulma kolmo kumət hurum három 4 neljä neli nelli njeallje nelji ńiľe nələt nila négy 5 viisi viis viiś vihtta vitta veƭe wizət at öt 6 kuusi kuus kuuś guhtta kutta koto kuδət hot hat
Just take a look to the reconstructed proto-uralic words, that perfectly explain your supposedly false cognates, according to basic well known linguistic rules : *ykte, *kakte, *kolm-, *neljä-, *vit(t)e, *kut(t)e.
7 seitsemän seitse čieža sisem sat hét
Getting from "s" to "h" is a well known linguistic phenomenon, also found in greek : *so > ho /the/.
10 kymmenen kümme logi kemeń lov tíz
You have there two roots, each language keeping one (cf indo-european oinos and sem, both meaning "one"). Hungarian "tíz" is an indo-european loan.
Finnish: Kaikki ihmiset syntyvät vapaina ja tasavertaisina arvoltaan ja oikeuksiltaan. Heille on annettu järki ja omatunto, ja heidän on toimittava toisiaan kohtaan veljeyden hengessä. Estonian: Kõik inimesed sünnivad vabadena ja võrdsetena oma väärikuselt ja õigustelt. Neile on antud mõistus ja südametunnistus ja nende suhtumist üksteisesse peab kandma vendluse vaim. Sami: Buot olbmot leat riegádan friddjan ja olmmošárvvu ja olmmošvuoigatvuoðaid dáfus dássásažžab, Sudhuude kea addib huervnu ha ianedivdym ha vyigjat gakget neabbydut gyunnuudeaset gyivdy vuekhakaš vuoinnain. Hungarian: Minden emberi lény szabadon születik és egyenlõ méltósága és joga van. Az emberek, ésszel és lelkiismerettel bírván, egymással szemben testvéri szellemben kell hogy viseltessenek. English: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Finnish and Estonian are clearly very similar, their speakers understand each other in great parts. The others are quite far in appeareance and vocabulary from the above ones.
English : All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Feroian : Øll menniskju eru fødd fræls og jøvn til virðingar og mannarættindi. Tey hava skil og samvitsku og eiga at fara hvørt um annað í bróðuranda.
These languages don't like similars, but they are undoubtedly related.
All this proves that you do not at all know anything about linguistics, so don't come and say us ""you're wrong"", you don't know what you're talking about. -- Sajasaze 18:54, 12 May 2006 (UTC)
