Anton Reicha
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Anton (or Antonin or Antoine) Reicha (or Rejcha) (February 26, 1770 – May 28, 1836) was a Czech-born naturalized French composer, a flautist in his youth, and an influential theorist. He is best known today for his substantial early contribution to the wind quintet literature, as well as early experiments with irregular time signatures.
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[edit] Life
Reicha was born in Prague in 1770. He received early musical training from his uncle, Josef Reicha, a virtuoso cellist[1] Reicha moved with his family to Bonn in 1785, where he played the flute under the direction of his uncle in the Hofkapelle along with the young violist Ludwig van Beethoven, who became a lifelong friend. After five years in Hamburg and two in Paris, Reicha moved to Vienna in 1801, where he befriended Haydn, renewed his friendship with Beethoven, and took lessons from the outstanding Viennese theorists, Johann Georg Albrechtsberger and Antonio Salieri.
Reicha settled permanently in Paris in 1808 and was appointed in 1818 professor of counterpoint and fugue at the Paris Conservatoire. Many of the first-rank French composers of the Romantic generation studied under Reicha, most notably Franz Liszt, Hector Berlioz, Charles Gounod and, briefly, César Franck. His influence was transmitted at second-hand as well, through his published treatises, especially the Traité de haute composition musicale. Reicha died in Paris in 1836.
[edit] Works
Reicha is best known today for his substantial contribution to the early wind quintet literature, twenty-five works written in Paris between 1811 and 1820, which were played all over Europe. Reicha claimed in his memoirs that his wind quintets filled a void: "At that time, there was a dearth not only of good classic music, but of any good music at all for wind instruments, simply because the composers knew little of their technique." [1]. Today some of Reicha's wind quintets have joined the regular repertoire, and all have been recorded.
He wrote prolifically for other kinds of musical ensembles as well, including eight symphonies, many with thematically-connected movements; seven operas; piano music including sonatas, two gigantic variation sets, and a set of thirty-six fugues; violin sonatas and piano trios; five quintets for wind and strings; 24 trios for three horns (Op.82, published in Paris, 1815) [2]; ten string quintets, four for solo cello and string quartet and six for string quartet with second viola; and at least thirty-seven string quartets, only three of which were performed during the 20th century, most recently a few years ago (see Drummond link, below). The eight Vienna string quartets (1801-5) are amongst his most important works; though largely ignored since Reicha's death, they were highly influential during his lifetime, and left their mark on the quartets of Beethoven and Schubert. The first modern edition in score and parts of Reicha's Vienna quartets was published in June 2006 by Merton Music of London [3]. In recent years, several quartet ensembles in Europe have begun programming Reicha's quartets, and first recordings are in the works.
His publications included:
- Traité de mélodie (1814);
- Cours de composition musicale (1818);
- Traité de haute composition musicale (2 vols. 1824–1826; a German translation by Carl Czerny appeared about 1835). His main work.
- L’art du compositeur dramatique (4 vols., 1833). Concerns the writing of opera and provides documents of performance techniques of the time.
[edit] Notes
- ^ . His cello concertos, Opus 4 are played and have been recorded.
[edit] References
- Olga Šotolová, Antonín Reicha: A Biography and Thematic Catalogue. Deryck Viney, translator. Supraphon, Prague, 1990. The standard monograph on Reicha; contains numerous errors.
[edit] External links
[edit] General reference
- Ron Drummond, "Anton Reicha: A Biographical Sketch"
- Ron Drummond, "The String Quartets of Anton Reicha"
- (Dutch) Klassiekemuziek: Anton Reicha
- A brief reference on Czech classical music
[edit] Scores
- Free scores by Anton Reicha in the Werner Icking Music Archive
- The Vienna String Quartets
