AMX International AMX
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| AMX International AMX | |
|---|---|
 |
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| A Brazilian AMX. | |
| Type | Attack aircraft |
| Manufacturer | AMX International |
| Maiden flight | 1984-05-15 |
| Introduced | 1989 |
| Status | Active service |
| Primary users | Italian Air Force Brazilian Air Force |
| Produced | 1986-present |
| Number built | ~200 |
The AMX International AMX "Ghibli" is a surface attack aircraft for battlefield interdiction, close air support and reconnaissance missions. It is built by the AMX International joint venture. In the Brazilian Air Force, it is designated the A-1.
The AMX is capable of operating at high subsonic speed and low altitude, by day or night, and if necessary, from bases with poorly equipped or damaged runways. Low IR signature, reduced radar equivalent cross section and low vulnerability of structure and systems guarantee a high probability of mission success. Integrated ECM, air-to-air missiles and nose-mounted guns provide self-defence capabilities.
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[edit] Development
In 1977, the Italian Air Force issued a requirement for a strike fighter to replace its Aeritalia G.91 and some of its F-104 Starfighters. Rather than competing for the contract, Aeritalia (now Alenia Aeronautica) and Aermacchi agreed to make a joint proposal, as both firms had been considering the development of a similar class of aircraft for some years. Development work began in April 1978.
In March 1981, the Italian government and Brazilian governments agreed on joint requirements for the aircraft, and Embraer was invited to join the partnership in July.
The first prototype flew on May 15 1984. Although it was lost on its fifth flight (killing its pilot), the test programme was otherwise reasonably smooth. Mass production started by mid-1986, with the first examples delivered to the Italian and Brazilian air forces in 1989. Since then, some 200 AMXs have been built.
Italian AMX squadrons flew 252 combat sorties over Kosovo as part of Operation Allied Force, without a single loss.
[edit] In Combat
Italian AMX aircraft were used in 1999 in the Kosovo war. Instead using unguided or more traditional laser-guided bombs, the Italian Air Force used Mk 82 bombs fitted with Israeli Opher guidance kits, effectively converting the "dumb" bombs into an infrared-guided bomb. [1]
[edit] Variants
[edit] AMX-T
In 1986, development of a two-seat advanced trainer variant was undertaken. This was intended to provide trainee pilots with experience on fast jets, while still retaining the one seater's attack capabilities. The AMX-T first flew in 1990 and equips both the Italian and Brazilian air forces.
[edit] AMX-ATA
The AMX Advanced Trainer Attack (AMX-ATA) is a new AMX two-seater, multi-mission attack fighter for combat roles and advanced training. The AMX-ATA incorporates new sensors, a forward looking infrared, helmet-mounted display, a new multi-mode radar for anti-air and anti-ship capability, and new weapon systems including anti-ship missiles and medium-range missiles. The Venezuelan Air Force ordered eight AMX-ATA in 1999 for the advanced trainer and attack aircraft role.
[edit] Users
[edit] Italian Air Force
- 13 Gruppo/32 Stormo
- 14 Gruppo/2 Stormo (disbanded)
- 28 Gruppo/3 Stormo (disbanded)
- 101 Gruppo/32 Stormo
- 103 Gruppo/51 Stormo
- 132 Gruppo/51 Stormo
[edit] Brazilian Air Force
- 1 Esquadrão/16 Grupo
- 1 Esquadrão/10 Grupo
- 3 Esquadrão/10 Grupo
[edit] Other
- Thailand ordered and cancelled the AMX.
- Venezuela ordered the aircraft in December 2002, with deliveries expected in 2005.
[edit] Specifications (AMX)
Data from Aeronaves[1]
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Length: 13.23 m (43 ft 5 in)
- Wingspan: 8.87 m (29 ft 1 in)
- Height: 4.55 m (14 ft 11 in)
- Wing area: 21 m² (226 ft²)
- Empty weight: 6,730 kg (14,840 lb)
- Loaded weight: 10,750 kg (23,700 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 13,000 kg (28,700 lb)
- Powerplant: 1× Rolls-Royce Spey 807 turbofan, 49 kN (11,000 lbf)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 1,160 km/h (626 knots, 721 mph)
- Cruise speed: 950 km/h (510 knots, 590 mph)
- Range: 3,330 km (1,800 nm, 2,070 mi)
- Service ceiling: 13,000 m (43,000 ft)
- Rate of climb: 52 m/s (10,000 ft/min)
- Wing loading: 512 kg/m² (105 lb/ft²)
- Thrust/weight: 0.47
Armament
- Guns:
- 1× 20 mm (0.787 in) M61 Vulcan rotary cannon (Italian aircraft) or
- 2× 30 mm (1.18 in) DEFA 544 cannon (Brazilian aircraft)
- Missiles: 2× AIM-9 Sidewinders or MAA-1 Piranhas carried on wingtip rails
- Bombs: 3,800 kg (8,380 lb) on 5 external hardpoints, including general-purpose and laser-guided bombs, air-to-ground missiles, and rockets
[edit] Notes
[edit] Related content
Related development
Comparable aircraft
Related lists
- List of attack aircraft
- List of military aircraft of Italy
- List of military aircraft of Brazil
