Amphion class submarine

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HMS Alliance at Gosport submarine museum
HMS Alliance at Gosport submarine museum
United Kingdom United Kingdom
Builders: Vickers Armstrong, Barrow-in-Furness
Cammell Laird, Birkenhead
Scotts of Greenock
HM Dockyard, Chatham
Operators: Royal Navy Ensign Royal Navy
In service: 1945
Out of service: 1974
Ships in Class
General Characteristics
Class type: Diesel-electric attack submarine
Displacement: 1,385 tons surfaced, 1,620 tons submerged
Length: 280.5 ft (85.50 m)
Beam: 22.3 ft (6.80 m)
Draught: 16.8 ft (5.12 m)
Speed: 18.5 knots (34.3 km/h) surfaced
8 knots (10 km/h) submerged
Range: 10,500 miles at 11 knots (16890 km at 20 km/h) surfaced
16 miles at 8 knots (26 km at 10 km/h) submerged
90 miles at 3 knots (140 km at 6 km/h) submerged
Test depth: 500 ft (150 m)
Complement: 61 officers and men
Armament: six 21 inch (530 mm) bow torpedo tubes (2 external, one-shot, later removed)
four 21 inch (530 mm) stern torpedo tubes (2 external, one-shot, later removed)
16 torpedoes or 26 mines carried internally
one four-inch gun, one Oerlikon 20 mm gun, three .303-caliber machine guns
HMS Alliance at Gosport submarine museum
Enlarge
HMS Alliance at Gosport submarine museum

The Amphion class (also known as the "A" class and Acheron class) of diesel-electric submarines were ordered by the British Admiralty in 1943, upon the realisation that the new Pacific theatre of war following the attack on Pearl Harbor needed a new type of submarine. They were originally designed to replace the S-class and T-class submarines, which were too slow and unable to dive deep enough to be suited to Pacific waters during World War II. They were an enlargement of the T class, arranged for fast, simple construction and to utilize much of the materials and equipment set aside for the T boats. They had a high, flared bow for excellent sea performance and featured an effective air conditioning system essential for Far East submarine operations. They were operated by a crew of between 60 and 68.

Originally, 46 submarines were ordered, but only 18 were launched (10 by Vickers-Armstrong in Barrow-in-Furness). Of those 16 were commissioned; two hulls being used for crush testing. Of these 16 despite the class being designed for quicker construction (the hull was entirely welded and could be fabricated in sections - techniques new for the British although already standard practice for German U-boat construction) and taking an average of only 8 months from keel-laying to launching (compared with around 15 months for the T class), only two of the boats were completed before the end of the war—Amphion was launched in August 1944, followed by Astute in January 1945 and neither saw enemy action.

The Amphion class was one of only two new British designs produced during World War II - the other being the X-craft 4-man submarines. Wartime experience had shown that submarines had to operate at greater distances from the United Kingdom - in the Far East and Mediterranean for example; and with larger patrol areas than had been foreseen, and consequently the A class was slightly larger and had greater range and habitability than the T class. The class met these needs - it was capable of better speeds and could travel greater range then its predecessors in order to cover the great distances in the Pacific.

After World War II various modifications were made to these Overseas Patrol Submarines, as they were known. Like the surviving T boats, a snort mast based on the schnorkel used by U-boats during the war, a radar which could be used from periscope depth, and a night periscope were added.

In response to the start of the cold war in the early 1950s, their role changed from being anti-shipping warships to targeting Soviet submarines. It was announced in January 1948 that the primary operational function of the British submarine fleet would now be to intercept Soviet submarines slipping out of their bases in Northern Russia to attack British and Allied merchant vessels. The following April, the Assistant Chief of Naval Staff, Rear-Admiral Geoffrey Oliver circulated a paper in which he proposed that British submarines take a more offensive role, attacking Soviet submarines off the Northern Russian coast and mining the waters in the area. With the dramatically reduced surface fleet, he commented that this was one of the few methods the Royal Navy had for "getting to the enemy on his home ground".[1]

In refits 1955-1960, again like the T-class, this required a complete rebuild of the forward and after hull section, lengthening and streamlining of the upper decks and conning towers, removal of deck guns to make them faster and quieter underwater, removal of external torpedo tubes, and the sonar greatly improved. When Affray was lost in 1951 all the Amphion class were briefly confined to port pending investigation into her loss.

The Amphion class served the Royal Navy for almost three decades as the backbone of the Royal Naval Submarine Service, and was gradually replaced with the Porpoise and Oberon patrol classes that began to be phased in 1958. The last operational Amphion-class boat, Andrew, was decommissioned in 1974.

Contents

[edit] Boats

[edit] Built at Vickers-Armstrong, Barrow-in-Furness

[edit] Built at Cammell Laird, Birkenhead

[edit] Built at Scotts of Greenock

[edit] Built at HM Dockyard, Chatham

In 1945, orders were canceled for Andromache, Answer, Antagonist, Antaeus, Anzac, Aphrodite, Approach, Arcadian, Argent, Argosy, and Atlantis from Barrow-in-Furness, and Abalord, Acasta, Ace, Achates, Adept, Admirable, Adversary, Agate, Aggressor, Agile, Aladdin, Alcestis, Asgard, Asperity, Assurance, Astarte, Austere, Awake, and Aztec from other yards.

[edit] External links

[edit] Footnotes

  1. ^ Paul Kemp (1990). The T-Class submarine. Arms and Armour. ISBN 0-85368-958-X.


Amphion-class submarine
Acheron | Aeneas | Affray | Alaric | Alcide | Alderney | Alliance | Ambush | Amphion | Anchorite | Andrew | Artemis | Artful | Astute | Auriga | Aurochs

List of submarines of the Royal Navy
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