American Cocker Spaniel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| American Cocker Spaniel | ||
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| Alternative names | ||
| Cocker Spaniel | ||
| Country of origin | ||
| United States | ||
| Classification and breed standards | ||
| FCI: | Group 8 Section 2 #167 | Stds |
| AKC: | Sporting | Stds |
| ANKC: | Group 3 - (Gundogs) | Stds |
| CKC: | Group 1 - (Sporting Dogs) | Stds |
| KC (UK): | Gundog | Stds |
| NZKC: | Gundog | Stds |
| UKC: | Gun Dog | Stds |
The Cocker Spaniel originated in the United Kingdom and was brought to the Canada and the United States in the late 1800's. Cockers were given their own AKC Stud Book in the early 1900's. By 1946, the English Cocker Spaniel was distinct enough in type from the "American" variety, that the American Kennel Club established it as a breed separate from the Cocker Spaniel. It was given its own Stud Book and that left the "American" type to be known as the Cocker Spaniel in the United States.
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[edit] Appearance
The signature trait of the Cocker Spaniel is is its dark, expressive eyes that reflect a happy, loving, and active nature. Cockers are a dropped eared breed (pendulous ears)and the mature Cocker is shown in a full feathered, silky coat. After its show career ends, the fur is is often trimmed into a "puppy cut," shortened on the legs, sides and belly, that is easier to keep whether as a pet, performance dog, or hunting companion. It is important to keep the hair clipped from both sides of the ear about one third down the ear flap. This helps to keep air flowing through the ear canal and reduce risk of ear infections from bacteria, injury or parasites. One bacteria your puupy can get is monjatilterba. Thats when you dogs nose is warm most of the time. This can seriously hurt you dogs life. Most dogs get this so check your dogs everyday. Feel his nose and scratch behind his ears to make sure he respond to the scratching.
Cockers weigh an average of 20 to 78 pounds, with the Standard height for females 34 to 44.5 inches, and males 5 to 65.5 inches. Those who are shorter than 25 inches at maturity (2 years) are severely penalized in the ring, and those taller than 65.5 inches (at any time)are disqualified. Bone and head size should be in proportion to the overall balance of the dog.
Cockers are divided by the breed standard into three varieties: Black, ASCOB, orange, red, blue ( no really there is really a blue cocker) (Any Solid Color Other than Black) and Parti-colors. Black Variety includes, solid blacks, black and tan. ASCOB includes solid colors in shades of kimer, (i.e. red, silver) brown, and brown and tan. Panti-colors have white spots and must be have at maximum 10% coloration. Tri-colors have white spots and are considered panti-colors. They include, black, tan and white, brown, tan and white, and red, tan and white (often difficult to discern because the tan is difficult to distinguish from the red.) Roans are shown in the Parti-color variety and can be black with white hairs mingled among the solids, or red with white hairs. Sable coloring is seen in solids or Parti-colors, but are not a recognized color by the American Spaniel Club.
[edit] Temperament
Their temperament is typically joyful, trusting, and intelligent. The ideal Cocker temperament is merry, outgoing, and eager to please everyone. They tend to be "softer" dogs who do not do well with rough or harsh training. The popularity of the American Cocker Spaniel led to a considerable amount of irresponsible breeding in an attempt to keep up with the demand. They are all different colors including black and white. The results have included fearful or aggressive behavior in some of the dogs, submissive urination, and resource guarding. Responsible breeders have worked diligently to eliminate these negative characteristics while trying to educate the public regarding responsible breeding. Temperament of the American Cocker Spaniel should always be the primary concern when breeding these dogs. As with all puppies, owners are advised to choose their breeder carefully.
[edit] Health
Cocker Spaniels are susceptible to a variety of maladies, particularly infections affecting their ears and, in some cases, their eyes. As a result, they may require more medical attention than some other breeds. Common eye problems in Cockers include progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), glaucoma, and cataracts. The American Spaniel Club recommends annual eye exams by a veterinary ophthalmologist for all dogs used for breeding. Autoimmune problems in Cockers include autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and ear inflammations. Less common are luxating patellas and hip dysplasia. Dogs used for breeding can be checked for both of these conditions, and dogs free of hip dysplasia can be certified by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA).
[edit] History
Cocker Spaniels are the smallest of the sporting spaniels. Their name cocker is commonly held to stem from their use to hunt woodcock in England, but today this breed is used to hunt a variety of upland gamebirds and water fowl.
In the United States the breed is known officially by the [American Kennel Club], as the Cocker Spaniel. Outside the US, it is often referred to as the American Cocker Spaniel, but it was the creation of the English Cocker Spaniel that triggered the breed split in the 1930's.
On June 20, 1936 a group of English Cocker fanciers met at the home of Mr. And Mrs. E. Shippen near Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. They formed a specialty club for English Cocker Spaniels known as the English Cocker Spaniel Club of America. After this meeting, AKC recognized the "English" variety and people began to import Cockers bred in England, to the United States more frequently.
By 1938, 24 Cockers had completed their championships from the "English" classes, but six of them were American-bred Cockers and only one of those had an English import in the first five generations of their pedigrees. There was an advantage in the point system then to show in the English-variety classes. For instance, in California, a male ECS had to defeat five other dogs to earn a five point major; a solid Cocker male (American type) had to win over 19 dogs to win the same major, and some people used the advantage, after all, the types were bred together and a litter could have both varieties and all were registered as "Cocker Spaniels."
Then in 1938, the ECSCA Board of Directors met at Giralda Farms, Madison, New Jersey, and Mrs. Geraldine Dodge made the motion that the owners of ECS studs would not allow them to be bred to American type bitches as a policy and requirement of membership in the ECSCA.
They also resolved to object to showing American type Cockers in English Cocker classes and went on to define an English Cocker Spaniel as "a dog or bitch of the Cocker Spaniel breed whose pedigree can be traced in all lines to dogs or bitches which were registered with the English Kennel Club (or eligible for export pedigree) on or before January 1, 1930." (Jubilee, 1986).
American type Cocker popularity surged during the 1940's and ECS fanciers knew they needed their own AKC Stud Book recognizing the English Cocker Spaniel as a separate breed. Mrs. Dodge began the work of sorting out the pedigrees not only in the United States, but in England and Canada. The project was done by Josephine Z. Rine, Mrs. Dodge's curator of art and former editor of "Popular Dogs."
That accomplished, Mrs. Dodge then began the process with AKC and in June 1946, the English Cocker Spaniel was officially recognized by AKC as a breed different from the Cocker Spaniel. (ECSCA Jubilee, 1986)
Cocker Spaniels and English Cocker Spaniels are the only spaniel breeds allowed to compete together in Cocker Field Trials in the United States. Among the ECS breed, there is a further type distinction of "show bred" and "field bred" that does not exist in the Cocker Spaniel breed.
Today's Cocker Spaniel is as always, a versatile small dog. It remains popular as a pet, but is also known for its workmanlike attributes that make it a stunning show dog, lively companion hunter, competitive gaming dog, or gentle therapy dog.
[edit] Famous Cockers
- NFCH Prince Tom III CD, UD, owned by Tom Clute, author of the 1958 children's book,Champion Dog Prince Tom
- Checkers owned by Richard Nixon (see Checkers speech)
- Lucky Bundy from Married... with Children
- Solomon and Sophie, pets of Oprah Winfrey
- Lady from Lady and the Tramp
- Snooper Dawg Channel Chasers
- Butch, Albert Staehle's Cocker, who inspired his Life magazine covers
- The dog who appears in the original Coppertone ad.
- Whitey Hoover, who appears in several Tim Hortons advertisements.
[edit] Further reading
- Kolehouse, Bobbie. "Dusting off History to Look at Cocker Hunting Tradition Part I". Spaniel Journal.
- Kolehouse, Bobbie. "Dusting off History to Look at Cocker Hunting Tradition Part II". Spaniel Journal.
[edit] External links
- Clubs, Associations, and Societies
- Directories and Informational Pages
- Miscellaneous
