Alphabetic list of living languages in Europe

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Map showing the approximate current distribution of languages in Europe.
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Map showing the approximate current distribution of languages in Europe.
  • Only living languages are listed - that is, languages that are spoken as a native tongue. The only exception to this rule is Latin, which is listed because it has official status in the Vatican.
  • Only indigenous languages are listed. So Hindi in the United Kingdom or Turkish in Germany are not rendered in this list.
  • The languages of the Roma (Gypsies) and Travellers are usually considered to be indigenous or at least listed as such, which is why they are rendered in this list.
  • Sign languages are fully fledged forms of communication, with complex grammars and extensive lexicons, which is why sign languages are also included in this list.
  • Note that the given numbers of speakers (or users in the case of sign languages) only concern the named countries; speakers who live outside of Europe or who are not indigenous in the countries where they live (e.g.Italian speakers in the United Kingdom) are not rendered.

Contents

[edit] Alphabetic list of living, indigenous languages in Europe

[edit] A

  • Abaza (Abaza) - North Caucasian, Northwest Caucasian
  • Abkhaz (Absua) - North Caucasian, Northwest Caucasian
  • Aghul (Agul) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
  • Akhvakh (Axvax) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
  • Albanian (Shqip) - Indo-European, Illyrian
    • Albania: official language - 3,185,000 speakers
    • Bulgaria: minority language, not recognised - 2,500 speakers
    • Greece: minority language, not recognised - 150,000 speakers
    • Italy: minority language, not recognised - 280,000 speakers
    • Kosovo: coofficial with Serbian - 1,485,000 speakers
    • Montenegro: minority language, recognised - 53,000 speakers
    • Republic of Macedonia: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Macedonian in West Macedonia - 620,000 speakers
    • Romania: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 4,000 speakers
    • Serbia: minority language, recognised - 153,000 speakers
    • Turkey: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 65,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers
  • Albanian Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Albania: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 3,000 users
  • Andi (Qwannab) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
  • Anglo-Romani (Romanichal) - Indo-European, Germanic (?)
    • United Kingdom: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 90,000 to 145,000 speakers
  • Aragonese (Aragonés) - Indo-European, Romance
    • Spain: minority language, recognised - 10,000 speakers
  • Archi (Arči) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
  • Armenian (Hayeren) - Indo-European, Armenian
    • Armenia: official language - 3,235,000 speakers
    • Azerbaijan: minority language, not recognised (in the de facto independent republic of Nagorno Karabach Armenian is the official language) - 120,000 speakers
    • Bulgaria: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 27,000 speakers
    • Cyprus: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers
    • Georgia: minority language, recognised - 448,000 speakers
    • Greece: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 20,000 speakers
    • Hungary: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 4,000 speakers
    • Poland: non-territorial minority language, extinct in Poland since the 18th Century (there still is a minority of 8,000 Armenians in Poland, but they speak Polish now)
    • Russian Federation: minority language, recognised - 532,000 speakers
    • Turkey: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 70,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: minority language, recognised - 65,000 speakers
  • Armenian Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Armenia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 3,000 users
  • Aromanian (Armâneashti) - Indo-European, Romance
    • Albania: minority language, not recognised - 50,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 350,000)
    • Bulgaria: minority language, not recognised - 2,500 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 18,000)
    • Greece: minority language, not recognised - 200,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 700,000)
    • Republic of Macedonia: minority language, recognised - 8,500 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 50,000)
    • Romania: minority language, not recognised - 120,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 150,000)
    • Serbia: minority language, not recognised - 15,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 35,000)
  • Asturian (Asturianu) - Indo-European, Romance
    • Spain: minority language, recognised - 690,000 speakers
  • Avar (Avar Mac’) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
  • Azerbaijani (Azərbaycan) - Altaic, Turkic
    • Azerbaijan: official language - 8,400,000 speakers
    • Georgia: minority language, recognised - 284,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: minority language, recognised - 670,000 speakers
    • Turkey: minority language, not recognised - ~800,000 speakers

[edit] B

  • Bagvalal (Kvanada) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
  • Balkan Romani (Romani) - Indo-European, Indo-Arian
    • Albania: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers
    • Bosnia-Hercegovina: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers
    • Bulgaria: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 188,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 549,000)
    • France: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 10,500 speakers
    • Germany: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 3,500 speakers
    • Greece: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 40,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 84,000)
    • Hungary: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 130,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 234,000)
    • Italy: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers
    • Kosovo: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 74,000 speakers
    • Moldova: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 12,000 speakers
    • Montenegro: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers
    • Republic of Macedonia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 25,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 43,000)
    • Romania: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 100,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 245,000)
    • Serbia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 20,000 speakers
    • Turkey: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 25,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers
  • Baltic Romani (Romá) - Indo-European, Indo-Arian
    • Belarus: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 22,500 speakers
    • Estonia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 500 speakers
    • Latvia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 8,000 speakers
    • Lithuania: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers
    • Poland: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 30,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 20,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 9,000 speakers
  • Basque (Euskara) - isolate
    • France: minority language, not recognised - 90,000 speakers
    • Spain: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Spanish in the autonomous community of the Basque Country, and in 61 municipalities in the autonomous community of Navarre - 580,000 speakers
  • Bats (Batsba Motjiti) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
    • Georgia: minority language, not recognised - 3,400 speakers
  • Belgian-French Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Belgium: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 4,000 users
  • Belarusian (Belaruskaja) - Indo-European, Slavic
    • Belarus: coofficial with Russian - 7,878,000 speakers
    • Latvia: minority language, recognised - 105,000 speakers
    • Lithuania: minority language, recognised - 63,000 speakers
    • Poland: minority language, recognised - 230,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: minority language, recognised - 1,210,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: minority language, recognised - 440,000 speakers
  • Bezhta (Bežƛʼa) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
  • Bohtan (Bohtan) - Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
    • Georgia: minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: minority language, not recognised - 100 speakers
  • Bosnian (Bosanski) - Indo-European, Slavic
    • Albania: minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers
    • Bosnia-Hercegovina: official language - 1,810,000 speakers
    • Croatia: minority language, not recognised - 40,000 speakers
    • Kosovo: minority language, not recognised - 15,000 speakers
    • Montenegro: minority language, not recognised - 102,000 speakers
    • Romania: minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers
    • Serbia: minority language, not recognised - 253,000 speakers
    • Slovenia: minority language, not recognised - 26,000 speakers
    • Turkey: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 70,000 speakers
  • Botlikh (Botlix) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
  • Breton (Brezhoneg) - Indo-European, Celtic
    • France: minority language, not recognised - 515,000 speakers
  • Budukh (Budux) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
    • Azerbaijan: minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers
  • Bulgarian (Bălgarski) - Indo-European, Slavic
    • Bulgaria: official language - 7,671,000 speakers
    • Greece: minority language (Pomak), not recognised - 30,000 speakers
    • Hungary: minority language, not recognised - 6,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 8,000)
    • Moldova: minority language, recognised - 262,000 speakers
    • Romania: minority language, not recognised - 500 speakers
    • Serbia: minority language, recognised - 185,000 speakers
    • Turkey: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 270,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: minority language, recognised - 234,000 speakers
  • Bulgarian Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Bulgaria: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 8,500 users

[edit] C

  • Cappadocian (Kapadokiká) - Indo-European, Greek
    • Greece: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - number of speakers unknown, but surely in the hundreds (long thought to be extinct)
  • Carpathian Romani (Romungro) - Indo-European, Indo-Arian
    • Czech Republic: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 100,000 speakers
    • Hungary: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers
    • Poland: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers
    • Romania: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers
    • Slovakia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 350,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers
  • Catalonian Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Andorra: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - number of users unknown, but very small
    • Spain: non-territorial minority language, not recognised- 18,000 users
  • Chamalal (Čamalal) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
  • Champenois - Indo-European, Romance
    • France: minority language, not recognised -
    • Wallonia: minority language, recognised -
  • Chuvash (Čövaš Čəlχi) - Altaic, Turkic
    • Russian Federation: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Russian in the autonomous republic of Chuvashia - 1,640,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 1,804,000)
  • Cornish (Kernewek) - Indo-European, Celtic
    • United Kingdom: minority language, recognised - about 3,500 speakers
  • Corsican (Corsu) - Indo-European, Romance
    • France: minority language, recognised - 25,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 295,000)
    • Italy: minority language, not recognised - 6,000 speakers
  • Crimean Tatar (Qırımtatar tili, Qırım tili) - Altaic, Turkic
    • Belarus: minority language, extinct in Belarus since the end of the 18th Century (there still is a minority of 5,000 Tatars in Belarus, but they speak Belarusian now)
    • Bulgaria: minority language, not recognised - 6,000 speakers
    • Lithuania: minority language, extinct in Lithuania since the end of the 18th Century (there still is a minority of 4,000 Tatars in Lithuania, but they speak Lithuanian now)
    • Poland: minority language, extinct in Poland since the end of the 18th Century (there still is a minority of 5,000 Tatars in Poland, but they speak Polish now)
    • Romania: minority language, recognised - 28,000 speakers
    • Turkey: minority language, not recognised - 250,000 speakers (including Asia Minor)
    • Ukraine: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Russian and Ukrainian in the autonomous republic of the Crimea - 272,000 speakers
  • Croatian (Hrvatski) - Indo-European, Slavic
    • Austria: minority language, recognised - 45,000 speakers
    • Bosnia-Hercegovina: minority language, recognised; official language in the Croatian cantons of the Muslim-Croat Federation - 700,000 speakers
    • Croatia: official language - 3,750,000 speakers
    • Hungary: minority language, recognised - 25,000 speakers
    • Italy: minority language, not recognised - 2,500 speakers
    • Montenegro: minority language, not recognised - 8,000 speakers
    • Romania: minority language, recognised - 15,000 speakers
    • Serbia: minority language, not recognised - 75,000 speakers
    • Slovakia: minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers
    • Slovenia: minority language, not recognised - 54,000 speakers
  • Croatian Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Croatia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 4,000 users
  • Cypriot Arabic (Sanna) - Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
    • Cyprus: minority language, recognised - 1,300 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 6,000, the so-called Cypriot Maronites)
  • Czech (Česky) - Indo-European, Slavic
    • Austria: minority language, recognised - 20,000 speakers
    • Bulgaria: minority language, not recognised - 9,000 speakers
    • Czech Republic: official language - 9,450,000 speakers
    • Poland: minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers
    • Serbia: minority language, recognised - 15,000 speakers
    • Slovakia: minority language, recognised - 50,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: minority language, not recognised - 21,000 speakers
  • Czecho-Slovakian Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Czech Republic: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 9,500 users
    • Slovakia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 users

[edit] D

  • Danish (Dansk) - Indo-European, Germanic
    • Denmark: official language - 5,020,000 speakers
    • Faroe Islands: coofficial with Faroese (though with a lower status) - 1,000 speakers
    • Germany: minority language, recognised - 10,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 45,000)
  • Danish Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Denmark: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 3,500 users
  • Dargwa (Dargva) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
  • Domari (Domari) - Indo-European, Indo-Arian
    • Turkey: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 20,000 speakers
  • Dutch (Nederlands) - Indo-European, Germanic
    • Belgium: coofficial with French and German - 5,570,000 speakers
    • France: minority language, not recognised - 60,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 75,000)
    • Netherlands: official language - 16,300,000 speakers
  • Dutch Sign Language - deaf sign language (also known as Sign Language of the Netherlands)
    • Netherlands: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 15,000 users

[edit] E

  • English (English) - Indo-European, Germanic
    • Gibraltar: official language - 3,500 speakers
    • Guernsey: coofficial with French (though with a higher status) - 45,000 speakers
    • Ireland: secondary language - 3,451,000 speakers
    • Jersey: official language (with French), recognised - 89,000 speakers
    • Malta: coofficial with Maltese - 2,500 speakers
    • Man: coofficial with Manx (though with a higher status) - 75,000 speakers
    • United Kingdom: official language - 51,685,000 speakers
  • Eonavian - Indo-European, Romance
    • Spain: minority language, not recognised
  • Erzya (Eržaň Keľ) - Uralic, Mordvinic
  • Esperanto (Esperanto) - artificial language (now spoken as a mother tongue)
    • France: minority language, not recognised - 200 to 2,000 speakers
  • Estonian (Eesti) - Uralic, Balto-Finnic
    • Estonia: official language - 1,036,000 speakers
    • Finland: minority language, not recognised - 6,000 speakers
    • Latvia: minority language, recognised - 3,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: minority language, recognised - 53,000 speakers
  • Estonian Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Estonia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 4,500 users

[edit] F

  • Fala (Fala) - Indo-European, Romance
    • Spain: minority language, not recognised - 10,500 speakers
  • Faroese (Føroyskt) - Indo-European, Germanic
  • Franco-Provençal (Franco-Provençal) - Indo-European, Romance
    • France: minority language, not recognised - 90,000 speakers
    • Italy: minority language, recognised - 91,000 speakers
    • Switzerland: minority language, not recognised - 30,000 speakers
  • French Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • France: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 50,000 to 100,000 users
    • Monaco: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - number of users unknown, but very small
  • Frisian (Frysk) - Indo-European, Germanic
  • Friulian (Furlan) - Indo-European, Romance
    • Italy: minority language, some recognition - 547,000 speakers

[edit] G

  • Gagauz (Gagauz) - Altaic, Turkic
    • Bulgaria: minority language, not recognised - 20,000 speakers
    • Greece: minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers
    • Moldova: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Moldovan in the autonomous republic of Gagauzia - 169,000 speakers
    • Republic of Macedonia: minority language, not recognised - 2,000 to 8,000 speakers
    • Romania: minority language, not recognised - 8,000 speakers
    • Turkey: minority language, not recognised - 9,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: minority language, recognised - 156,000 speakers
  • Galician (Galego) - Indo-European, Romance
    • Portugal: minority language, not recognised - 15,000 speakers
    • Spain: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Spanish in the autonomous community of Galicia - 2,095,000 speakers
  • Gallo - Indo-European, Romance
    • France: minority language, not recognised -
  • Georgian (Kartuli) - South Caucasian
    • Armenia: minority language, not recognised - 1,300 speakers
    • Azerbaijan: minority language, recognised - 14,000 speakers
    • Georgia: official language - 3,000,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: minority language, recognised - 130,000 speakers
  • German (Deutsch) - Indo-European, Germanic
    • Austria: official language - 7,550,000 speakers
    • Belgium: coofficial with French and Dutch - 86,000 speakers
    • Bulgaria: minority language, not recognised - 200 speakers
    • Croatia: minority language, recognised - 2,000 speakers
    • Czech Republic: minority language, not recognised - 50,000 speakers
    • Denmark: minority language, recognised - 4,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 20,000)
    • Estonia: minority language, recognised - 1,500 speakers
    • France: minority language, some recognition - 1,300,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 1,880,000)
    • Germany: official language - 74,931,000 speakers
    • Hungary: minority language, recognised - 250,000 speakers
    • Italy: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Italian in the autonomous region Trentino-South Tyrol - 322,000 speakers
    • Latvia: minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers
    • Liechtenstein: official language - 30,000 speakers
    • Lithuania: minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers
    • Luxembourg: coofficial with French and Luxembourgish - 9,000 speakers
    • Moldova: minority language, not recognised - 3,800 speakers
    • Poland: minority language, some recognition - 500,000 speakers
    • Romania: minority language, recognised - 28,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: minority language, recognised - 543,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 954,000, including Siberia)
    • Serbia: minority language, recognised - 6,000 speakers
    • Slovakia: minority language, not recognised - 6,000 speakers
    • Slovenia: minority language, not recognised - 1,500 speakers
    • Switzerland: coofficial with French, Italian, and Romansh - 4,441,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: minority language, not recognised - 38,500 speakers
  • Greek (Élliniká ) - Indo-European, Greek
    • Albania: minority language, recognised - 65,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 175,000)
    • Bulgaria: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 11,000 speakers
    • Cyprus: coofficial with Turkish - 762,000 speakers ( see )
    • France: minority language, extinct on Corsica since 1982 (there still is a minority of 1,000 Greeks on Corsica, but they speak French and Corsican now)
    • Germany: minority language, recognised - 372,000 speakers
    • Greece: official language - 10,552,000 speakers ( see )
    • Hungary: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 6,000 speakers
    • Italy: minority language, not recognised - 22,500 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 30,000)
    • Romania: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers
    • Turkey: minority language, not recognised - 4,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 6,000)
  • Greek Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Greece: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 43,000 users
  • Gruzinic (Kivruli) - South Caucasian
    • Georgia: minority language, not recognised - 20,000 speakers
  • Gutnish (Gutnisko) - Indo-European, Germanic
    • Sweden: minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers

[edit] H

  • Hinukh (Hinux) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
  • Hungarian (Magyar) - Uralic, Ugric
    • Austria: minority language, recognised - 14,000 speakers
    • Croatia: minority language, recognised - 20,000 speakers
    • Hungary: official language - 8,734,000 speakers
    • Romania: minority language, recognised - 2,000,000 speakers
    • Serbia: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Serbian in the province of Vojvodina - 420,000 speakers
    • Slovakia: minority language, recognised - 600,000 speakers
    • Slovenia: minority language, recognised - 9,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: minority language, recognised - 187,000 speakers
  • Hunzib (Gunzib) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

[edit] I

  • Iberian Romani (Caló) - Indo-European, Romance
    • France: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 10,000 to 20,000 speakers
    • Portugal: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers
    • Spain: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 65,000 to 170,000 speakers
  • Icelandic (Íslenskur) - Indo-European, Germanic
    • Iceland: official language - 265,000 speakers
  • Ingrian (Inkerin Kieli) - Uralic, Balto-Finnic
    • Estonia: minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: minority language, not recognised - 27,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 47,000)
  • Irish (Gaeilge) - Indo-European, Celtic
    • The Republic of Ireland: first official language of Ireland - 1,650,000 speakers
    • Northern Ireland: co-official language along with English - 165,000 speakers
    • United Kingdom: minority language, recognised - 17,000 speakers
    • United States: minority language, recognised - 25,000 speakers
    • Canada: minority language, recognised - 10,000 speakers
    • France: minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers.
    • Australia: minority language, partially recognised - 3,000 speakers
    • Iceland: minority language, not recognised - 1,500 speakers
  • Irish Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Ireland: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 3,300 users
    • Iceland: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 400 users
  • Istriot (Istriot) - Indo-European, Romance
    • Croatia: minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers
  • Istro-Romanian (Vlăşeşte) - Indo-European, Romance
    • Croatia: minority language, not recognised - 500 to 1,000 speakers
  • Italian (Italiano) - Indo-European, Romance
    • Croatia: minority language, recognised - 30,000 speakers
    • France: minority language, not recognised - 95,000 speakers
    • Italy: official language - 55,133,000 speakers
    • San Marino: official language - 24,500 speakers
    • Slovenia: minority language, recognised - 4,000 speakers
    • Switzerland: coofficial with German, French, and Romansh - 525,000 speakers
    • Vatican City: coofficial with Latin (though with a higher status) - 500 speakers
  • Italian Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Italy: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 55,000 users
    • San Marino: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - number of users unknown, but very small
  • Italkian (Italkian) - Indo-European, Romance
    • Italy: non-territorial minority language, hast útstoarn, not recognised - minder as 100 speakers
  • Izhorian (Ižoran Keeli) - Uralic, Balto-Finnic
    • Russian Federation: minority language, not recognised - 302 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 820; data from 1989)

[edit] J

  • Jakati (Jakati) - Indo-European, Indo-Arian
    • Russian Federation: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 50,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 60,000 speakers
  • Jèrriais - Indo-European, Romance
    • Jersey: minority language, recognised - 3,000 speakers
  • Juhuri (Juhuri) - Indo-European, Iranian

[edit] K

  • Kalmyk (Qalmaq) - Altaic, Mongolian
    • Russian Federation: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Russian in the autonomous republic of Kalmykia - 162,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 174,000)
  • Kalo Finnish Romani (Fíntikka Rómma) - Indo-European, Indo-Arian
    • Finland: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 6,000 speakers
    • Sweden: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 2,000 speakers
  • Karaim (Qaraylar) - Altaic, Turkic
    • Lithuania: minority language, recognised - 535 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 3,400; data from 1979)
    • Poland: minority language, extinct in Poland (there still is a minority of 200 Karaites in Poland, but they speak Polish now)
    • Russian Federation: minority language, extinct in Russia (there still is a minority of 500 Karaites in Russia, but they speak Russian now)
    • Ukraine: minority language, not recognised - 8 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 6,000; data from 1979)
  • Karata (Kirdi) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
  • Karelian (Karjalan Kielii) - Uralic, Balto-Finnic
    • Finland: minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Russian in the autonomous republic of Karelia - 35,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 57,000)
  • Kashubian (Kaszëbski) - Indo-European, Slavic
    • Poland: minority language, not recognised - 3,500 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 200,000)
  • Khalaj (Khalaj) - Indo-European, Iranian
    • Azerbaijan: minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers
  • Khinalug (Xinalug) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
    • Azerbaijan: minority language, not recognised - 1,500 speakers
  • Khvarshi (Xvarš) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
  • Komi (Komi Kyv) - Uralic, Permic
    • Russian Federation: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Russian in the autonomous republic of Komi - 262,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 342,000)
  • Komi-Permyak (Komi-Permjacköj) - Uralic, Permic
  • Krymchak (Qırımçaklar) - Altaic, Turkic
    • Ukraine: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 250 speakers
  • Kryts (Kryz) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
    • Azerbaijan: minority language, not recognised - 6,000 speakers (data from 1975)
  • Kurdish (Kurmanji) - Indo-European, Iranian
    • Armenia: minority language, recognised - 58,000 speakers
    • Azerbaijan: minority language, not recognised - 20,000 speakers

[edit] L

  • Ladin (Ladin) - Indo-European, Romance
    • Italy: minority language, recognised - 30,000 speakers
  • Ladino (Sefardí) - Indo-European, Romance
    • Albania: non-territorial minority language, possibly extinct in Albania, not recognised - number of speakers unknown, but very small
    • Bosnia-Hercegovina: non-territorial minority language, possibly extinct in Bosnia-Hercegovina, not recognised - number of speakers unknown, but very small
    • Bulgaria: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers
    • Greece: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 6,000 speakers
    • Kosovo: non-territorial minority language, probably extinct in Kosovo, not recognised - number of speakers unknown, but very small
    • Macedonia: non-territorial minority language, possibly extinct in Macedonia, not recognised - number of speakers unknown, but very small
    • Serbia: non-territorial minority language, probably extinct in Serbia, not recognised - probably no speakers remaining
    • Spain: non-territorial minority language, probably extinct in Spain, not recognised - number of speakers unknown, but very small
    • Turkey: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 8,000 speakers
  • Lak (Lakku Maz) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
  • Latin (Lingua Latina) - Indo-European, Italic
  • Latvian (Latviešu) - Indo-European, Baltic
    • Belarus: minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers
    • Estonia: minority language, recognised - 3,000 speakers
    • Latvia: official language - 1,400,000 speakers
    • Lithuania: minority language, recognised - 5,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: minority language, recognised - 29,000 speakers
  • Latvian Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Latvia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,500 users
  • Lezgi (Lezgi Č’al) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
  • Limburgish (Limburgs) - Indo-European, Germanic
    • Belgium: minority language, not recognised - 585,000 speakers
    • Netherlands: minority language, recognised - 830,000 speakers
  • Lithuanian (Lietuviškai) - Indo-European, Baltic
    • Belarus: minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers
    • Latvia: minority language, recognised - 35,000 speakers
    • Lithuania: official language - 2,965,000 speakers
    • Poland: minority language, recognised - 30,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: minority language, recognised - 70,000 speakers
  • Livonian (Līvõ Kēļ) - Uralic, Balto-Finnic
    • Latvia: minority language, recognised - 35 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 2,000; data from 1990)
  • Livvi (Livvi) - Uralic, Balto-Finnic
    • Finland: minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: minority language, not recognised - 40,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 70,000)
  • Lomavren (Boša) - Indo-European, Armenian
    • Armenia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 30,000 speakers
    • Azerbaijan: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers
  • Low Saxon (Low German, Nedersassies, Plattdüütsch) - Indo-European, Germanic
    • Denmark: minority language, not recognised - 1,500 speakers
    • Germany: minority language, not recognised - 10,000,000 speakers
    • Netherlands: minority language, recognised - 1,566,000 speakers
    • Poland: minority language, not recognised - number of speakers unknown, at most a few thousands
  • Ludic (Lyydi) - Uralic, Balto-Finnic
    • Russian Federation: minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 18,000)
  • Luxembourgish (Lëtzebuergesch) - Indo-European, Germanic
    • Belgium: minority language, some recognition - 24,000 speakers
    • France: minority language, not recognised - 40,000 speakers
    • Germany: minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers
    • Luxembourg: coofficial with French and German - 309,000 speakers
  • Lyons Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • France: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 users

[edit] M

  • Macedonian (Makedonski) - Indo-European, Slavic
    • Albania: minority language, recognised - 30,000 speakers
    • Bulgaria: minority language, not recognised - 230,000 speakers
    • Greece: minority language, not recognised - 105,000 speakers
    • Hungary: minority language, not recognised - 4,000 speakers
    • Republic of Macedonia: official language - 1,194,000 speakers
    • Serbia: minority language, not recognised - 25,000 speakers
  • Maghrebi Arabic (Maghribi) - Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
    • Spain: minority language, not recognised - 26,000 speakers
  • Maltese Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Malta: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 350 users
  • Manx (Gaelg) - Indo-European, Celtic
    • Man: coofficial with English (though with a lower status) - 27 speakers (data from 2001)
  • Mari (Marij Jəlme) - Uralic, Cheremissic
    • Russian Federation: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Russian in the autonomous republic of Mari El - 594,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 661,000)
  • Megleno-Romanian (Vlaheshte) - Indo-European, Romance
    • Greece: minority language, not recognised - 12,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 15,000)
    • Republic of Macedonia: minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers
    • Romania: minority language, not recognised - 1,200 speakers
  • Megrelian (Margaluri) - South Caucasian
    • Georgia: minority language, not recognised - 500,000 speakers
  • Moksha (Mokšaň Käľ) - Uralic, Mordvinic
  • Moldovan (Moldovenească) - Indo-European, Romance (generaly considered to be Romanian)
    • Moldova: official language - 2,520,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: minority language, recognised - 250,000 speakers
  • Monégasque (Munegasc) - Indo-European, Romance (actually a dialect of Italian)
    • Monaco: semi-official language - 5,700 speakers
  • Montenegrin (Crnogorski) - Indo-European, Slavic
    • Albania: minority language, not recognised - 2,500 speakers
    • Kosovo: minority language, not recognised - 29,000 speakers
    • Montenegro: colloquial language, not official - 435,000 speakers
    • Serbia: minority language, not recognised - 30,000 speakers

[edit] N

  • Norman - Indo-European, Romance
    • France: minority language, not recognised -
  • North Frisian (Friisk) - Indo-European, Germanic
    • Germany: minority language, recognised - 10,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 62,000)
  • Norwegian (Norsk) - Indo-European, Germanic
    • Norway: official language - 4,100,000 speakers
    • Sweden: minority language, not recognised - 50,000 speakers

[edit] O

  • Occitan (Occitan) - Indo-European, Romance
    • France: minority language, not recognised - 1,500,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 6,750,000)
    • Italy: minority language, not recognised - 50,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 100,000)
    • Monaco: minority language, not recognised - 4,500 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 6,000)
    • Spain: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Spanish and Catalan in the comarca Val d'Aran - 3,400 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 5,500)

[edit] P

  • Palityan (Palitjanski) - Indo-European, Slavic (possibly a dialect of Bulgarian)
    • Romania: minority language, recognised - 12,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 25,000)
  • Picard - Indo-European, Romance
    • France: minority language, not recognised -
  • Polari (Polari) - unclassified (probably only spoken as a second language)
    • United Kingdom: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - number of speakers unknown
  • Polish (Polski) - Indo-European, Slavic
    • Belarus: minority language, recognised - 413,000 speakers
    • Czech Republic: minority language, recognised - 50,000 speakers
    • Hungary: minority language, not recognised - 21,000 speakers
    • Ireland: minority language, pending recognition - 4,000-100,000 speakers (est)
    • Lithuania: minority language, recognised - 255,000 speakers
    • Latvia: minority language, recognised - 57,000 speakers
    • Poland: official language - 35,370,000 speakers
    • Romania: minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: minority language, recognised - 94,000 speakers
    • Slovakia: minority language, recognised - 50,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: minority language, recognised - 1,200,000 speakers
  • Pontic (Pontiaká) - Indo-European, Greek
    • Armenia: minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers
    • Azerbaijan: minority language, not recognised - 300 speakers
    • Georgia: minority language, not recognised - 15,000 speakers
    • Greece: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 325,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: minority language, not recognised - 65,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers
  • Portuguese (Português) - Indo-European, Romance
    • Portugal: official language - 9,563,000 speakers
    • Spain: minority language, not recognised - 3,600 speakers
  • Portuguese Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Portugal: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 8,000 users

[edit] Q

  • Quinqui (Quinqui) - unclassified
    • Spain: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 40,000 speakers

[edit] R

  • Rifi (Tr̂ifect) - Afro-Asiatic, Berber
    • Spain: minority language, not recognised - 23,000 speakers
  • Romanian (Română) - Indo-European, Romance
    • Bulgaria: minority language, not recognised - 500 speakers
    • Hungary: minority language, recognised - 100,000 speakers
    • Moldova: official language - 2,500,000 speakers (see also Moldovan language)
    • Romania: official language - 19,988,000 speakers
    • Serbia: minority language, recognised - 250,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: minority language, recognised - 400,000 speakers
  • Romanian Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Romania: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 22,000 users
  • Romano-Greek (Romani) - Indo-European, Greek (?)
    • Greece: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers
  • Romano-Serbian (Romani) - Indo-European, Slavic (?)
    • Serbia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 4,000 speakers
  • Russian (Russki) - Indo-European, Slavic
    • Armenia: minority language, recognised - 14,660 speakers
    • Azerbaijan: minority language, recognised - 141,000 speakers
    • Belarus: coofficial with Belarusian - 1,129,000 speakers
    • Bulgaria: minority language, not recognised - 18,000 speakers
    • Estonia: minority language, recognised - 413,000 speakers
    • Finland: minority language, recognised - 3,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 5,000, the so-called 'Old Russians' - not counting the 'New Russians', or new immigrants)
    • Georgia: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Georgian and Abkhaz in the de facto independent republic of Abkhazia; coofficial with Georgian and Ossetic in the de facto independent republic of South Ossetia - 372,000 speakers
    • Latvia: minority language, recognised - 862,000 speakers
    • Lithuania: minority language, recognised - 344,000 speakers
    • Moldova: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Moldovan and Ukrainian in the de facto independent republic of Transnistria - 572,000 speakers
    • Poland: minority language, recognised - 25,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: official language - 117,270,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar in the autonomous republic of fan the Crimea - 11,335,000 speakers
  • Russian Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Armenia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - number of users unknown, but very small
    • Azerbaijan: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 users
    • Belarus: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 9,400 users
    • Bulgaria: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - number of users unknown, but small
    • Estonia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 450 users
    • Georgia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,000 users
    • Latvia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,000 users
    • Lithuania: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 350 users
    • Moldova: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 3,800 users
    • Russian Federation: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 140,000 users
    • Ukraine: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 11,000 users
  • Ruthenian (Rusyn) - Indo-European, Slavic
    • Croatia: minority language, recognised - 5,000 speakers
    • Hungary: minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers
    • Poland: minority language, not recognised - 65,000 speakers
    • Romania: minority language, not recognised - 20,000 speakers
    • Serbia: minority language, recognised - 25,000 speakers
    • Slovakia: minority language, recognised - 128,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: minority language, not recognised - 720,000 speakers
  • Rutul (Rutul) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

[edit] S

  • Sami (Sámegiella) - Uralic, Samic
    • Finland: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Finnish in 3 municipalities (though with a lower status) - 2,550 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 4,700)
    • Norway: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Norwegian in 6 municipalities - 16,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 43,000)
    • Sweden: minority language, recognised - 5,900 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 15,000)
    • Russian Federation: minority language, recognised - 693 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 1,900; data from 1995)
  • Sardinian (Sardu) - Indo-European, Romance
    • Italy: minority language, not recognised - 1,300,000 speakers
  • Sater Frisian (Seeltersk) - Indo-European, Germanic
    • Germany: minority language, recognised - 2,250 speakers
  • Scanian (Skånsk) - Indo-European, Germanic
    • Denmark: minority language, not recognised - 8,000 speakers
    • Sweden: minority language, not recognised - 80,000 speakers
  • Scots (Scots) - Indo-European, Germanic
    • Ireland: minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers
    • United Kingdom: minority language, recognised - 1,530,000 speakers
  • Serbian (Srpski) - Indo-European, Slavic
    • Albania: minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers
    • Bosnia-Hercegovina: official language, recognised - 1,440,000 speakers
    • Bulgaria: minority language, not recognised - 9,000 speakers
    • Croatia: minority language, recognised - 410,000 speakers
    • Hungary: minority language, recognised - 10,000 speakers
    • Kosovo: coofficial with Albanian - 169,000 speakers
    • Montenegro: official language - 395,000 speakers
    • Republic of Macedonia: minority language, recognised - 44,000 speakers
    • Romania: minority language, recognised - 65,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers
    • Germany: minority language, not recognised - 750,000
    • Switzerland: minority language, not recognised - 200,000
    • Austria: minority language, not recognised - 340,000
    • Serbia: official language - 6,655,000 speakers
    • Slovenia: minority language, not recognised - 50,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers
  • Shelta (Sheldru) - Indo-European, Celtic (?)
    • Ireland: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 6,000 speakers
    • United Kingdom: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 30,000 speakers
  • Sinte (Sinti) - Indo-European, Indo-Arian
    • Austria: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 500 speakers
    • Belarus: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers
    • Croatia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 25,000 speakers
    • Czech Republic: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,500 speakers
    • France: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 30,000 speakers
    • Germany: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 30,500 speakers
    • Hungary: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers
    • Italy: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 14,000 speakers
    • Kosovo: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 11,000 speakers
    • Netherlands: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 1,000 speakers
    • Poland: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 5,000 speakers
    • Serbia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 20,000 speakers
    • Slovenia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 2,500 speakers
    • Switzerland: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 21,000 speakers
  • Slovak (Slovenski) - Indo-European, Slavic
    • Austria: minority language, recognised - 2,000 speakers
    • Croatia: minority language, recognised - 4,000 speakers
    • Czech Republic: minority language, recognised - 300,000 speakers
    • Hungary: minority language, recognised - 12,000 speakers
    • Poland: minority language, recognised - 38,000 speakers
    • Romania: minority language, recognised - 34,000 speakers
    • Serbia: minority language, recognised - 80,000 speakers
    • Slovakia: official language - 3,990,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: minority language, recognised - 12,000 speakers
  • Slovenian (Slovensčina) - Indo-European, Slavic
    • Austria: minority language, recognised - 48,000 speakers
    • Croatia: minority language, not recognised - 15,000 speakers
    • Hungary: minority language, recognised - 5,000 speakers
    • Italy: minority language, recognised - 100,000 speakers
    • Slovenia: official language - 1,834,000 speakers
  • Sorbian (Serbski) - Indo-European, Slavic
    • Germany: minority language, recognised - 69,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 205,000)
  • Spanish (Español) - Indo-European, Romance
    • Andorra: minority language, recognised - 25,000 speakers
    • Gibraltar: minority language, not recognised - 24,500 speakers
    • Spain: official language - 28,145,000 speakers
  • Spanish Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Spain: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 20,000 users
  • Svan (Lushnu) - South Caucasian
    • Georgia: minority language, not recognised - 15,000 speakers
  • Swedish (Svenska) - Indo-European, Germanic
    • Estonia: minority language, recognised - 800 speakers
    • Finland: coofficial with Finnish - 295,000 speakers
    • Sweden: official language - 7,658,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: minority language, not recognised - 500 speakers
  • Swedish Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Sweden: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 8,000 users
  • Swiss-French Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Switzerland: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 1,000 users
  • Swiss-German Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Switzerland: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 6,000 users
  • Swiss-Italian Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Switzerland: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 200 users

[edit] T

  • Tabasaran (Tabasaran Ĉ̣al) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
  • Taleshi (Talysh) - Indo-European, Iranian
    • Azerbaijan: minority language, not recognised - 70,000 to 800,000 speakers
  • Tat (Tat) - Indo-European, Iranian
    • Azerbaijan: minority language, not recognised - 11,000 speakers
  • Tatar (Tatarça) - Altaic, Turkic
    • Azerbaijan: minority language, not recognised - 30,000 speakers
    • Estonia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers
    • Finland: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 900 speakers
    • Russian Federation: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Russian in the autonomous republic of Tatarstan - 6,143,000 speakers (including 5,361,000 ethnic Tatars)
    • Ukraine: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 91,000 speakers
  • Tavringer Romani (Rommani) - Indo-European, Germanic (?)
    • Norway: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 6,000 speakers
    • Sweden: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 25,000 speakers
  • Tindi (Tindal) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
  • Traveller Danish (Rotwelsch) - Indo-European, Germanic (?)
    • Denmark: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 15,000 to 20,000)
  • Traveller Norwegian (Rodi) - Indo-European, Germanic (?)
    • Norway: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 5,000 speakers
  • Traveller Scottish (Cant) - unclassified
    • United Kingdom: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 4,000 speakers
  • Tsakhur (Caxur) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
  • Tsakonian (Tsakōniká) - Indo-European, Greek
    • Greece: minority language, not recognised - 300 speakers (data from 1981)
  • Tsez (Cez mec) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
  • Turkish (Türkçe) - Altaic, Turkic
    • Bosnia-Hercegovina: minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers
    • Bulgaria: minority language, recognised - 765,000 speakers
    • Cyprus: coofficial with Greek (the only official language in the de facto independent Turkish Republic of North Cyprus) - 183,000 speakers
    • Georgia: minority language, not recognised - 25,000 speakers
    • Greece: minority language, not recognised - 150,000 speakers
    • Kosovo: minority language, recognised - 11,000 speakers
    • Republic of Macedonia: minority language, recognised - 200,000 speakers
    • Romania: minority language, recognised - 150,000 speakers
    • Serbia: minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers
    • Turkey: official language - 70,000,000 speakers
  • Tver Karelian (Karjalan Kieli) - Uralic, Balto-Finnic
    • Russian Federation: minority language, not recognised - 15,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 31,000)

[edit] U

  • Udi (Udi) - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian
    • Azerbaijan: minority language, not recognised - 5,700 speakers
  • Udmurt (Udmurt Kyl) - Uralic, Permic
    • Russian Federation: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Russian in the autonomous republic of Udmurtia - 550,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 728,000)
  • Ukrainian (Ukrayins’ka) - Indo-European, Slavic
    • Belarus: minority language, recognised - 291,000 speakers
    • Hungary: minority language, recognised - 300,000 speakers
    • Moldova: minority language, recognised; coofficial with Russian and Moldovan in the de facto independent republic of Transnistria - 595,000 speakers
    • Poland: minority language, recognised - 1,500,000 speakers
    • Romania: minority language, recognised - 67,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: minority language, recognised - 4,365,000 speakers
    • Serbia: minority language, recognised - 23,000 speakers
    • Slovakia: minority language, recognised - 100,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: official language - 35,900,000 speakers
  • Ukrainian Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Ukraine: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 35,000 users
  • Urum (Urum) - Altaic, Turkic
    • Russian Federation: minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

[edit] V

  • Valencian Sign Language (Llengua de Signes en la Comunitat Valenciana) - Signed language.
    • Spanish Sign Language : territorial minority language in Valencian Country, legally granted - About 10,000 speakers (mostly as deaf persons)
  • Veps (Vepsän Keľ) - Uralic, Balto-Finnic
    • Russian Federation: minority language, recognised - 7,200 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 14,000)
  • Vlakh Romani (Romanés) - Indo-European, Indo-Arian
    • Albania: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 60,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 75,000)
    • Belgium: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 500 speakers
    • Bosnia-Hercegovina: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 40,000 speakers
    • Bulgaria: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 500 speakers
    • France: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers
    • Germany: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 6,500 speakers
    • Greece: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers
    • Hungary: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 to 20,000 speakers
    • Italy: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 4,000 speakers
    • Moldova: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers
    • Netherlands: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 1,000 speakers
    • Norway: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 500 speakers
    • Poland: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers
    • Portugal: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 500 speakers
    • Romania: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 200,000 to 250,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 1,250,000)
    • Russian Federation: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 2,000 speakers
    • Serbia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 22,000 speakers
    • Slovakia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 500 speakers
    • Sweden: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 1,500 speakers
    • Ukraine: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers
    • United Kingdom: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers
  • Võro-Seto (Võro-Seto) - Uralic, Balto-Finnic
    • Estonia: minority language, some recognition - 74,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers
  • Votic (Vaďďā Tšēli) - Uralic, Balto-Finnic
    • Russian Federation: minority language, not recognised - 15 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 62; data from 1989)

[edit] W

  • Walloon (Wallon) - Indo-European, Romance
    • Belgium: minority language, some recognition - 823,000 speakers
    • France: minority language, not recognised - 2,000,000 speakers
  • Welsh Romani (Romma) - Indo-European, Indo-Arian
    • United Kingdom: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 30,000 speakers
  • Wymysojer (Wymysojer) - Indo-European, Germanic
    • Poland: minority language, not recognised - 100 speakers (data from 2003)

[edit] Y

  • Yeniche (Yeniche) - Indo-European, Germanic (?)
    • Austria: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 80,000 to 100,000 speakers
    • France: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 10,000 to 33,000 speakers
    • Germany: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 180,000 to 245,000 speakers
    • Netherlands: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers
    • Switzerland: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 90,000 to 120,000 speakers
  • Yiddish (Jiddisj) - Indo-European, Germanic
    • Armenia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers
    • Austria: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers
    • Azerbaijan: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 7,000 speakers
    • Belarus: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 112,000 speakers
    • Belgium: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 20,000 speakers
    • Croatia: non-territorial minority language, possibly extinct in Croatia, not recognised - number of speakers unknown, but very small
    • Czech Republic: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers
    • Denmark: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 2,000 speakers
    • Estonia: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 500 speakers
    • Finland: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 500 speakers
    • France: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 120,000 speakers
    • Georgia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers
    • Germany: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 10,000 speakers
    • Hungary: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 30,000 speakers
    • Ireland: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - number of speakers unknown, but very small
    • Latvia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 20,000 speakers
    • Lithuania: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers
    • Luxembourg: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - number of speakers unknown, but very small
    • Moldova: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 22,000 speakers
    • Netherlands: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 2,000 speakers
    • Norway: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 400 speakers
    • Poland: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,500 speakers
    • Romania: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 15,000 speakers
    • Russian Federation: non-territorial minority language, recognised; it is coofficial with Russian in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast - 245,000 speakers (including Siberia)
    • Slovakia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 750 speakers
    • Slovenia: non-territorial minority language, possibly extinct in Slovenia, not recognised - number of speakers unknown, but very small
    • Sweden: non-territorial minority language, recognised - 5,000 speakers
    • Switzerland: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 4,000 speakers
    • Ukraine: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 200,000 speakers
    • United Kingdom: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 30,000 speakers
  • Yugoslavian Sign Language - deaf sign language
    • Bosnia-Hercegovina: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 4,000 users
    • Croatia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 500 users
    • Kosovo: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,600 users
    • Montenegro: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 600 users
    • Republic of Macedonia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,800 users
    • Serbia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 10,000 users
    • Slovenia: non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 2,000 users
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