Aircraft structures
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Aircraft Structures is the study of the methods of manufacturing aircraft so that their structure can withstand any potential stresses and strains as well as being able to be produced and assembled quickly, cheaply, and safely.
The study concentrates on the classic major components of an aircraft's structure:
- Wing ribs
- Stringers or Longerons
- Spars
- Heavy frames and Bulkheads
- Skin
But also the interaction of these structural components with some mechanical systems:
The locations of major components and systems is studied to optimise the aircraft in weight and strength. For example in most modern military jets the heavy frame in the fuselage that supports the nose undercarriage also has the ejector seat rail mounted to it, in this way the frame has multiple functions meaning only one frame is required thus reducing weight and cost. Location is also important with respect to the aircraft's centre-of-gravity, which has great effect on the aircraft's stability.
The materials and manufacturing techniques of the structural components is also examined so that optimisation can occur. For example stringers may be manufactured by bending sheet metal or by extrusion, to optimise to weight and cost. Whereas a heavy frame that supports a heavy component such as an engine may be cast or machined, to optimise to strength.
Also involved in the subject is the airworthiness regulations that dictate the performance of the aircraft's components.
