Agustín de Ahumada y Villalón, marqués de las Amarillas

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Agustín de Ahumada y Villalón, marqués de las Amarillas, Viceroy of New Spain

Agustín de Ahumada y Villalón, marqués de las Amarillas (ca. 1715, Spain—February 5, 1760, Mexico City) was a Spanish military officer and viceroy of New Spain, from November 10, 1755 to February 5, 1760.

Ahumada y Villalón was a Spanish military officer who gained renown in the wars in Italy. He rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the Royal Guards. He was governor of the city of Barcelona at the time of his appointment to the viceroyalty of New Spain.

He entered Mexico City as viceroy on November 10, 1755. He celebrated the designation of the Virgin of Guadalupe as patron of New Spain (1756). He tried to suppress priestly vices in Puebla (1756), where they were involved with the manufacture of aguardiente, gambling houses, and the selling of holy orders.

He intervened in the lawsuits involving the newly discovered deposits of silver in Nuevo León, trying to get the parties to settle. He tried to pacify the Indians of Coahuila, in conjunction with Governor Miguel Sesma. He continued work on the drainage system in Mexico City.

He sent aid to the Philippines against non-Christians, and to Florida against the English. The French were also trying to establish posts on the coast of Texas, and English pirates still threatened Spanish shipping and coastal settlements in the Caribbean.

More than 1,000 Comanches rose in revolt in Texas, committing various depredations on non-Indian settlements. Viceroy Ahumada sent armed assistance to the presidio of San Sabás, near San Antonio de Béjar, when it was besieged by the rebels. The president and other Spanish defenders were killed, but the reinforcements put down the uprising.

In 1757 the army of New Spain consisted of 2,897 men organized into 15 corps consisting of 61 companies. The main forces were concentrated in Mexico City and Veracruz, with small groups of 7 to 100 soldiers at various places in the interior.

The most productive mines in the colony in this period were Bolaños, in Jalisco, and La Voladora, in Nuevo León. The latter had just entered production.

in 1759 the volcano Jorullo was born in Michoacán, on the hacienda of San Miguel del Jorullo, property of Andrés Pimentel. All the surrounding ranches and villages had to be abandoned. The viceroy worked to find other locations for the refugees, mostly Indians. He paid much of the expenses for this purpose from his own pocket.

On August 10, 1759 King Ferdinand VI died; the queen continued as regent pending the majority of Charles III.

Viceroy Ahumada y Villalón died in office, after a long illness. He was interred in the church of La Piedad. Because of his charitable expenditures, he left his family in poverty. The treasury paid their passage back to Spain.

He was succeeded by the Audiencia, presided over by Francisco de Echávarri, until the arrival of the next viceroy, Francisco Cajigal de la Vega, who was promoted from governor of Havana.

[edit] References

• "Ahumada y Villalón, Agustín de," Enciclopedia de México, v. 1. Mexico City, 1988.
• García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, v. 1. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrua, 1984.
• Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985.