Aerial tramway support pillar
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An aerial tramway support pillar is a tower-like construction bearing the cable of an aerial tramway. It is usually of a steel framework construction, but there are a few concrete or tubular steel examples. Thus the aerial ropeway the construction to happen knows the carrying rope on roles is stored. The execution of the pulley support depends on it, whether the wire ropeway changes its inclination in the support, or not. The building of an aerial tramway support pillar is necessary, when the aerial ropeway does not overcome an upward gradient, as for example at aerial tramways in flat areas for example for crossing rivers is the case or if the slope has a break.
Aerial Tramway Support Pillars can sometimes be very complex constructions, in particular if they are also house an intermediate station, which can be found at some aerial tramways, which are mainly used for the transport of skiers. Sometimes aerial tramway support pillars are built for better transmission of the forces arising with the travel of the cabins of the aerial ropeway not as vertical, but as inclined tower.
Aerial Tramway Support Pillars must stand especially at passenger aerial tramways with large cars high dynamic loads, when the cabs pass them. Completely particularly highly is this load if the Aerial Tramway Support Pillar is in the middle of an aerial tramway with two oscillating cabs, since these pass the Aerial Tramway Support Pillar at the same time. If possible, such a location of a Aerial Tramway Support Pillar should be therefore avoided.
As a rule Aerial Tramway Support Pillars are not designed so that passengers can enter or leave the cabs, or for the loading and unloading of goods. However some are designed to allow maintenance staff access via the cabs of the aerial tramway (or more particularly at special service vehicles also driving on the rope). Alternatively a ladder (or stairs) is built into the support pillar for maintenance access, and some very tall examples have an elevator.
It is also possible to design an aerial tramway support pillar as usage as intermediate stop. This can be for example be important for winter sports. The best-known (and second tallest) aerial tramway support pillar of the world, the Torre Jaume I in Barcelona has a stop of the harbour aerial tramway of Barcelona, which is accessible by an elevator.
Aerial Tramway Support Pillar can be implanted as timber, lattice steel, tubular steel or as construction of reinforced concrete. First type is today only found at small aerial tramways for good transports. In World War II in the proximity of Mittersill was started with the construction of an aerial ropeway, which had an 80 metre high timber aerial tramway support pillar. However this plant never went into enterprise. Aerial Tramway Support Pillars built of concrete are rather rare, because their construction requires more time than such of steel, which is particular impracticable in high mountain areas, where only during fewer short summer months construction works can be done. More common are therefore steel tube and steel framework constructions, whereby first are far common at aerial tramways with low Aerial Tramway Support Pillar such as ski and seat lifts. Latter are further common with at taller constructions, since they consist of lighter individual parts, which can be better transported to the frequently difficulty accessible place where the aerial tramway support pillar should be erected.
Because Aerial Tramway Support Pillar have to stand large forces and are often founded on hard rock or permanently frozen soil, they often have a very large cross section in foundation height. Aerial Tramway Support Pillars are often built as inclined tower. Founding Aerial Tramway Support Pillars on glaciers require special measures, because the ice is in motion. There are special constructions called "swimming support", which take part in the movement of the glacier. Such constructions are used at ski elevators on glaciers. However the aerial tramway must run toward the glacier, because otherwise the movement takes place transverse to the direction of the rope direction. An Aerial Tramway Support Pillar of unusual design has the Vallee Blanche Aerial Tramway on the Mont Blanc glacier. Between two rock, which are called large and small Flambeau, at the Grand Rognon two 300 meters long ropes were installed, which take over the function of the support. The tallest aerial tramway support pillar is used by the Gletscherbahn 1 at Kaprun, Austia with a height of 113.7 meters, in Switzerland the highest aerial tramway support pillar with a height of 94 meters is used by Gant Hohtaelli Aerial Tramway near Zermatt, in Germany the Eibsee Aerial Tramway in the proximity of Garmisch-Partenkirchen has with a height of 85 meters the tallest aerial tramway support pollar.
