Adrafinil

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Adrafinil
Systematic (IUPAC) name
2-benzhydrylsulfinylethanehydroxamic acid
Identifiers
CAS number	63547-13-7
ATC code	N06 BX17
PubChem	3033226
Chemical data
Formula	?
Mol. weight	289.351 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	?
Half life	?
Excretion	?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status
Routes	Oral

Adrafinil is a mild central nervous system stimulant drug used to relieve excessive sleepiness and inattention in elderly patients. It is also used off-label by individuals wishing to avoid fatigue, such as night workers or others who need to stay awake and alert for long periods of time.

Adrafinil is a prodrug; it is primarily metabolized in vivo to modafinil (Provigil®), resulting in nearly identical pharmacologic effects. Unlike modafinil, however, it takes time for the metabolite to accumulate to active levels in the bloodstream. Effects usually are apparent within 45-60 minutes when taken orally on an empty stomach.

Adrafinil, also known by the codename CRL 40028, has as its chemical name 2-(Diphenylmethyl) sulfinyl acetohydroxamic acid. Its molecular formula is C₁₅H₁₅NO₃S. The drug's molecular weight is 289.4 daltons.

Adrafinil does not currently have FDA approval in the United States, although it is used in France and elsewhere in Europe. The drug is marketed by the American pharmaceutical company Cephalon, which acquired Group Lafon in 2001, under the brand name Olmifon.

1 History
2 Trivia
3 References
4 See also
5 External links

[edit] History

Adrafinil was discovered in the late 1970s by scientists working with the French pharmaceutical company Group Lafon. The drug was first offered as an experimental treatment for narcolepsy in France in 1986. Later on, Lafon scientists developed modafinil as a stand-alone drug because the latter drug was understood to be a more highly selective alpha-1 adrenergic and also featured less in the way of side effects such as stomach pain, skin irritations, feelings of tension, and an increase in liver enzyme levels.

[edit] Trivia

The metabolites of Adrafinil contains sulfur, and can easily be detected by a peculiar odour of the urine of the person who has taken it.

[edit] References

SID 184744 -- PubChem Substance Summary. The PubChem Project. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved on 7 December 2005.

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

Adrafinil: A Novel Vigilance Promoting Agent by Norton W. Milgram, Heather Callahan, and Christina Siwak of the University of Toronto at Scarborough, CNS Drug Reviews, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 193-212 (PDF)

Stimulants - edit

Adrafinil, Armodafinil, Caffeine, Modafinil, Nicotine

Sympathomimetic amines (R01, A08, and others) edit
Aminorex, Amphetamine, Benzylpiperazine, Cathinone, CFT, Chlorphentermine, Clobenzorex, Cocaine, Cyclopentamine, Diethylpropion, Ephedrine, Fenfluramine, Mazindol, 4-Methyl-aminorex, Methylone, Methylphenidate, Pemoline, Phendimetrazine, Phenmetrazine, Phentermine, Phenylephrine, Propylhexedrine, Pseudoephedrine, Sibutramine, Synephrine
See also amphetamines