5th United States Congress

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Contents 1 Dates of sessions 2 Major events 3 Major legislation 4 Party summary 4.1 Senate 4.2 House of Representatives 5 Leadership 5.1 Senate 5.2 House of Representatives 6 Members 6.1 Senate 6.2 House of Representatives 7 Changes in Membership 7.1 Senate 7.2 House of Representatives 8 Officers 8.1 Senate 8.2 House of Representatives 8.3 Other 9 Notes 10 References 11 External links

The Fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the United States national legislature, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from March 4, 1797 to March 3, 1799, during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President John Adams.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the First Census of the United States in 1790. Both chambers had a Federalist majority.

[edit] Dates of sessions

March 4, 1797–March 3, 1799

• Special session of the Senate: March 4, 1797
• First session: May 15, 1797 - July 10, 1797
• Second session: November 13, 1797 - July 16, 1798
• Special session of the Senate: July 17, 1798 - July 19, 1798
• Third session: December 3, 1798 - March 3, 1799 — a lame duck session

Previous congress: 4th Congress
Next congress: 6th Congress

[edit] Major events

Main article: Events of 1797; Events of 1798; Events of 1799

• March 4, 1797 – John Adams became President of the United States.
• July 7, 1797 - Quasi-War: The U.S. Congress rescinded existing treaties with France.
• July 8, 1797 - The Senate expelled Senator William Blount for conspiring with the British to violate American neutrality laws and conduct filibustering expeditions against Spanish Florida and Spanish-held Louisiana.
• July 11, 1798 - The United States Marine Corps was established.
• XYZ Affair in the U.S., followed by naval skirmishes but no war is declared.
• French Revolutionary Wars (1797-1802) of the Second Coalition
• Irish Rebellion of 1798

[edit] Major legislation

Main article : List of United States federal legislation in the 5th Congress

• April 7, 1798 - Mississippi was organized as a territory. It was formerly a portion of Georgia and South Carolina.
• April 30, 1798: The U.S. Department of the Navy was established.
• Alien and Sedition Acts:
  • June 18, 1798 - An Act to Establish an Uniform Rule of Naturalization (Naturalization Act of 1798), ch. 54, 1 Stat.566
  • June 25, 1798 - An Act Concerning Aliens, ch. 58, 1 Stat. 570
  • July 6, 1798 - An Act Respecting Alien Enemies, ch. 66, 1 Stat. 577
  • July 14, 1798 - An Act for the Punishment of Certain Crimes against the United States (Sedition Act), ch. 74, 1 Stat. 596

[edit] Party summary

The count below reflects affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress, with the addition of members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Subsequent changes are reflected below in the "Changes in Membership" section.

[edit] Senate

• Democratic-Republican: 10
• Federalist: 22 (majority)

TOTAL members: 32

[edit] House of Representatives

• Democratic-Republican: 49
• Federalist: 57 (majority)

TOTAL members: 106

[edit] Leadership

[edit] Senate

• Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
  • Thomas Jefferson, Democratic-Republican of Virginia.
• President pro tempore of the Senate:
  • William Bradford, Federalist of Rhode Island, elected July 6, 1797
  • Jacob Read, Federalist of South Carolina, elected November 22, 1797
  • Theodore Sedgwick, Federalist of Massachusetts, elected June 27, 1798.
  • John Laurance, Federalist of New York, elected December 6, 1798
  • James Ross, Federalist of Pennsylvania, elected March 1, 1799

[edit] House of Representatives

• Speaker of the House
  • Jonathan Dayton, Federalist of New Jersey, elected May 15, 1797.

[edit] Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

See also: 5th United States Congress - Political Parties

See also: 5th United States Congress - State Delegations

See also: United States House election, 1796

[edit] Senate

At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1802; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1798; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1800.

Connecticut

• 1. James Hillhouse (Fed.)
• 3. Uriah Tracy (Fed.)

Delaware

• 2. John Vining (Fed.) …resigned January 19, 1798.

  Joshua Clayton (Fed.) …elected to fill vacancy, January 19, 1798, died August 11, 1798.

  William H. Wells (Fed.) …elected to fill vacancy, January 17, 1799.

• 1. Henry Latimer (Fed.)

Georgia

• 3. James Gunn (Fed.)
• 2. Josiah Tattnall (Dem.-Rep.)

Kentucky

• 2. John Brown (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. Humphrey Marshall (Fed.)

Maryland

• 3. John Henry (Fed.) …resigned December 10, 1797.

  James Lloyd (Fed.) …elected to fill vacancy, December 11, 1797.

• 1. John E. Howard (Fed.)

Massachusetts

• 1. Benjamin Goodhue (Fed.)
• 2. Theodore Sedgwick (Fed.)

New Hampshire

• 3. John Langdon (Dem.-Rep.)
• 2. Samuel Livermore (Fed.)

New Jersey

• 1. John Rutherfurd (Fed.) …resigned November 26, 1798.

  Franklin Davenport (Fed.) …appointed to fill vacancy, December 5, 1798.

• 2. Richard Stockton (Fed.)

New York

• 3. John Laurance (Fed.)
• 1. Philip John Schuyler (Fed.) ...resigned January 3, 1798.

  John Sloss Hobart (Fed.) …elected to fill vacancy, January 11, 1798, resigned April 16, 1798.

  William North (Fed.) …appointed to fill vacancy, May 5, 1798.

  James Watson (Fed.) …elected to fill vacancy, August 17, 1798.

North Carolina

• 2. Alexander Martin (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. Timothy Bloodworth (Dem.-Rep.)

Pennsylvania

• 1. James Ross (Fed.)
• 3. William Bingham (Fed.)

Rhode Island

• 1. Theodore Foster (Fed.)
• 2. William Bradford (Fed.) …resigned October 1797.

  Ray Greene (Fed.) ...elected to fill vacancy, November 13, 1797.

South Carolina

• 3. Jacob Read (Fed.)
• 2. John Hunter (Dem.-Rep.) …resigned November 26, 1798.

  Charles Pinckney (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, December 6, 1798.

Tennessee

• 2. William Blount (Dem.-Rep.) …expelled from Congress July 8, 1797.

  Joseph Anderson (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, September 26, 1797.

• 1. William Cocke (Dem.-Rep.) …appointed to fill vacancy, March 4, 1797.

  Andrew Jackson (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, September 26, 1797, resigned April 1798.

  Daniel Smith (Dem.-Rep.) …appointed to fill vacancy, October 6, 1798.

Vermont

• 3. Elijah Paine (Fed.)
• 1. Isaac Tichenor (Fed.) …resigned October 17, 1797.

  Nathaniel Chipman (Fed.) …elected to fill vacancy, October 17, 1797.

Virginia

• 2. Henry Tazewell (Dem.-Rep.) …died January 24, 1799.
• 1. Stevens T. Mason (Dem.-Rep.)

[edit] House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

Connecticut ^[1]

• A/L. John Allen (Fed.)
• A/L. Joshua Coit (Fed.) …died September 5, 1798.

  Jonathan Brace (Fed.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3, 1798.

• A/L. Samuel W. Dana (Fed.)
• A/L. James Davenport (Fed.) …died August 3, 1797.

  William Edmond (Fed.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated November 13, 1797.

• A/L. Chauncey Goodrich (Fed.)
• A/L. Roger Griswold (Fed.)
• A/L. Nathaniel Smith (Fed.)

Delaware

• A/L. James A. Bayard (Fed.)

Georgia ^[2]

• A/L. Abraham Baldwin (Dem.-Rep.)
• A/L. John Milledge (Dem.-Rep.)

Kentucky

• 1. Thomas T. Davis (Dem.-Rep.)
• 2. John Fowler (Dem.-Rep.)

Maryland

• 1. George Dent (Fed.)
• 2. Richard Sprigg, Jr. (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. William Craik (Fed.)
• 4. George Baer, Jr. (Fed.)
• 5. Samuel Smith (Dem.-Rep.)
• 6. William Matthews (Fed.)
• 7. William Hindman (Fed.)
• 8. John Dennis (Fed.)

Massachusetts

• 1. Thomson J. Skinner (Dem.-Rep.)
• 2. William Shepard (Fed.)
• 3. Samuel Lyman (Fed.)
• 4. Dwight Foster (Fed.)
• 5. Nathaniel Freeman, Jr. (Dem.-Rep.)
• 6. John Reed, Sr. (Fed.)
• 7. Stephen Bullock (Fed.)
• 8. Harrison Gray Otis (Fed.)
• 9. Joseph B. Varnum (Dem.-Rep.)
• 10. Samuel Sewall (Fed.)
• 11. Theophilus Bradbury (Fed.) …resigned July 24, 1797.

  Bailey Bartlett (Fed.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated November 27, 1797.

• 12. Isaac Parker (Fed.)
• 13. Peleg Wadsworth (Fed.)
• 14. George Thatcher (Fed.)

New Hampshire ^[3]

• A/L. Abiel Foster (Fed.)
• A/L. Jonathan Freeman (Fed.)
• A/L. William Gordon (Fed.)
• A/L. Jeremiah Smith (Fed.) …resigned July 26, 1797.

  Peleg Sprague (Fed.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 15, 1797.

New Jersey ^[4]

• A/L. Jonathan Dayton (Fed.)
• A/L. James H. Imlay (Fed.)
• A/L. James Schureman (Fed.)
• A/L. Thomas Sinnickson (Fed.)
• A/L. Mark Thomson (Fed.)

New York

• 1. Edward Livingston (Dem.-Rep.)
• 2. Jonathan N. Havens (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. Philip Van Cortlandt (Dem.-Rep.)
• 4. Lucas C. Elmendorf (Dem.-Rep.)
• 5. David Brooks (Fed.)
• 6. Hezekiah L. Hosmer (Fed.)
• 7. John E. Van Alen (Fed.)
• 8. Henry Glen (Fed.)
• 9. John Williams (Fed.)
• 10. James Cochran (Fed.)

North Carolina

• 1. Joseph McDowell (Dem.-Rep.)
• 2. Matthew Locke (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. Robert Williams (Dem.-Rep.)
• 4. Richard Stanford (Dem.-Rep.)
• 5. Nathaniel Macon (Dem.-Rep.)
• 6. James Gillespie (Dem.-Rep.)
• 7. William Barry Grove (Fed.)
• 8. Dempsey Burges (Dem.-Rep.)
• 9. Thomas Blount (Dem.-Rep.)
• 10. Nathan Bryan (Dem.-Rep.) …died June 4, 1798.

  Richard Dobbs Spaight (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 10, 1798.

Pennsylvania ^[5]

• 1. John Swanwick (Dem.-Rep.) …died August 1, 1798.

  Robert Waln (Fed.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3, 1798.

• 2. Blair McClenachan (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. Richard Thomas (Fed.)
• 4. John Chapman (Fed.)
• 4. Samuel Sitgreaves (Fed.) ...resigned 1798.

  Robert Brown (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 4, 1798.

• 5. George Ege (Fed.) …resigned October 1797.

  Joseph Hiester (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 1, 1797.

• 6. John A. Hanna (Dem.-Rep.)
• 7. John Wilkes Kittera (Fed.)
• 8. Thomas Hartley (Fed.)
• 9. Andrew Gregg (Dem.-Rep.)
• 10. David Bard (Dem.-Rep.)
• 11. William Findley (Dem.-Rep.)
• 12. Albert Gallatin (Dem.-Rep.)

Rhode Island ^[6]

• A/L. Christopher G. Champlin (Fed.)
• A/L. Elisha R. Potter (Fed.) ...resigned 1797.

  Thomas Tillinghast (Fed.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated November 13, 1797.

South Carolina

• 1. William L. Smith (Fed.) …resigned July 10, 1797.

  Thomas Pinckney (Fed.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated November 23, 1797.

• 2. John Rutledge, Jr. (Fed.)
• 3. Lemuel Benton (Dem.-Rep.)
• 4. Thomas Sumter (Dem.-Rep.)
• 5. Robert Goodloe Harper (Fed.)
• 6. William Smith (Dem.-Rep.)

Tennessee

• A/L. William C.C. Claiborne (Dem.-Rep.) …seated November 23, 1797.

Vermont

• 1. Matthew Lyon (Dem.-Rep.)
• 2. Lewis R. Morris (Fed.)

Virginia

• 1. Daniel Morgan (Fed.)
• 2. David Holmes (Dem.-Rep.)
• 3. James Machir (Fed.)
• 4. Abram Trigg (Dem.-Rep.)
• 5. John J. Trigg (Dem.-Rep.)
• 6. Matthew Clay (Dem.-Rep.)
• 7. Abraham B. Venable (Dem.-Rep.)
• 8. Thomas Claiborne (Dem.-Rep.)
• 9. William B. Giles (Dem.-Rep.) …resigned October 2, 1798.

  Joseph Eggleston (Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3, 1798.

• 10. Carter B. Harrison (Dem.-Rep.)
• 11. Josiah Parker (Fed.)
• 12. Thomas Evans (Fed.)
• 13. John Clopton (Dem.-Rep.)
• 14. Samuel J. Cabell (Dem.-Rep.)
• 15. John Dawson (Dem.-Rep.)
• 16. Anthony New (Dem.-Rep.)
• 17. Richard Brent (Dem.-Rep.)
• 18. John Nicholas (Dem.-Rep.)
• 19. Walter Jones (Dem.-Rep.)

[edit] Changes in Membership

The counts below reflect changes from the beginning of the first session of this congress.

See also: 5th United States Congress - Membership Changes

[edit] Senate

• replacements: 9
  • Democratic-Republicans: no net change
  • Federalists: no net change

• deaths: 2
• resignations: 9
• expulsions: 1
• interim appointments: 2
• vacancies: 1
• Total seats with changes: 10

[edit] House of Representatives

• replacements: 11
  • Democratic-Republicans: 1 seat net gain
  • Federalists: 1 seat net loss

• deaths: 4
• resignations: 7
• vacancies: 1
• Total seats with changes: 12

[edit] Officers

[edit] Senate

• Secretary of the Senate:
  • Samuel A. Otis of Massachusetts elected April 8, 1789.
• Doorkeeper of the Senate:
  • James Mathers of New York, elected April 7, 1789.
• Chaplain of the Senate
  • The Rev. William White, Episcopalian, elected December 9, 1790.

[edit] House of Representatives

• Clerk of the House:
  • Jonathan W. Condy of Pennsylvania, elected May 15, 1797.
• Sergeant at Arms of the House:
  • Joseph Wheaton of Rhode Island, elected May 15, 1797.
• Doorkeeper of the House:
  • Thomas Claxton, elected May 15, 1797.
• Chaplain of the House
  • The Rev. Ashbel Green, Presbyterian, elected May 15, 1797.

[edit] Other

• Architect of the Capitol:
  • William Thornton

[edit] Notes

1. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
2. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
3. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
4. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
5. ^ the 4th district was a plural district with two representatives
6. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket

[edit] References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company.

[edit] External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875 [1]
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [2]
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [3]
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress [4]
• U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History [5]
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists [6]

	United States Congress Senate • Senators • Senate Leadership • Senate Committees • Senate elections House • Representatives • House Leadership • House Committees • House elections • Districts

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