31st United States Congress
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The Thirty-first United States Congress was a meeting of the United States national legislature, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1849 to March 3, 1851, during the administration of U.S. President Zachary Taylor and the first months of the administration of his successor, U.S. President Millard Fillmore.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Sixth Census of the United States in 1840. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.
[edit] Dates of sessions
- Special session of the Senate: March 5, 1849 - March 23, 1849
- First session: December 3, 1849 - September 30, 1850
- Second session: December 2, 1850 - March 3, 1851 — a lame duck session
Previous congress: 30th Congress
Next congress: 32nd Congress
[edit] Major events
- Main article: Events of 1849; Events of 1850; Events of 1851
[edit] Major legislation
- September 9, 1850 - Compromise of 1850, ch. 49, 9 Stat. 446
- September 18, 1850 - Fugitive Slave Act, ch. 60, 9 Stat. 462
- September 29, 1850 - Donation Land Claim Act, ch. 76, 9 Stat. 496
[edit] Party summary
[edit] Senate
[edit] House of Representatives
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[edit] Leadership
[edit] Senate
President of the Senate: Millard Fillmore, succeeded to the U.S. Presidency on July 9, 1850
President Pro Tempore William R. King, Acting Vice President after Fillmore succeeds to presidency, July 9, 1850
[edit] House of Representatives
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[edit] Members
[edit] A
- Nathaniel Albertson (Representative), Democrat, IN
- Henry Porteous Alexander (Representative), Whig, NY
- Charles Allen (Representative), Free Soil, MA
- William Jeffreys Alston (Representative), Whig, AL
- Josiah McNair Anderson (Representative), Whig, TN
- George Rex Andrews (Representative), Whig, NY
- William Shepperd Ashe (Representative), Democrat, NC
- George Ashmun (Representative), Whig, MA
- David Rice Atchison (Senator), Democrat, MO
- Thomas Hamlet Averett (Representative), Democrat, VA
[edit] B
- George Edmund Badger (Senator), Whig, NC
- Edward Dickinson Baker (Representative), Whig, IL
- Roger Sherman Baldwin (Senator), Whig, CT
- Robert Woodward Barnwell (Senator), Democrat, SC
- William Van Ness Bay (Representative), Democrat, MO
- Thomas Henry Bayly (Representative), Democrat, VA
- James Madison Hite Beale (Representative), Democrat, VA
- John Bell (Representative), Whig, OH
- John Bell (Senator), Whig, TN
- Henry Bennett (Representative), Whig, NY
- Thomas Hart Benton (Senator), Democrat, MO
- John Macpherson Berrien (Senator), Whig, GA
- Kinsley Scott Bingham (Representative), Democrat, MI
- William Harrison Bissell (Representative), Democrat, IL
- Thomas Stanley Bocock (Representative), Democrat, VA
- David Alexander Bokee (Representative), Whig, |NY
- Walter Booth (Representative), Free Soil, CT
- Solon Borland (Senator), Democrat, AR
- Franklin Welsh Bowdon (Representative), Democrat, AL
- Richard Johns Bowie (Representative), Whig, MD
- James Butler Bowlin (Representative), Democrat, MO
- Linn Boyd (Representative), Democrat, KY
- James Ware Bradbury (Senator), Democrat, ME
- Daniel Breck (Representative), Whig, KY
- George Briggs (Representative), Whig, NY
- Jesse David Bright (Senator), Democrat, IN
- John Brisbin (Representative), Democrat, |PA
- James Books (Representative), Whig, NY
- Albert Gallatin Brown (Representative), Democrat, MS
- William John Brown (Representative), Democrat, IN
- Alexander Woodruff Buel (Representative), Democrat, MI
- Henry Adams Bullard (Representative), Whig, LA
- Lorenzo Burrows (Representative), Whig, NY
- Armistead Burt (Representative), Democrat, SC
- Andrew Pickens Butler (Senator), Democrat, SC
- Chester Pierce Butler (Representative), Whig, PA
- Thomas Belden Butler (Representative), Whig, CT
[edit] C
- Edward Carrington Cabell (Representative), Whig, FL
- Joseph Cable (Representative), Democrat, OH
- George Alfred Caldwell (Representative), Democrat, KY
- Joseph Pearson Caldwell (Representative), Whig, NC
- John Caldwell Calhoun (Senator), Democrat, SC
- Samuel Calvin (Representative), Whig, PA
- Lewis D. Campbell (Representative), Whig, OH
- David Kellogg Cartter (Representative), Democrat, OH
- Joseph Casey (Representative), Whig, PA
- Lewis Cass (Senator), Democrat, MI
- Joseph Ripley Chandler (Representative), Whig, PA
- Salmon Portland Chase (Senator), Free Soil, OH
- Charles Ezra Clarke (Representative), Whig, NY
- John Hopkins Clarke (Senator), Whig, RI
- Henry Clay (Senator), Whig, KY
- Jeremiah Clemens (Senator), Democrat, AL
- Chauncey Fitch Cleveland (Representative), Democrat, CT
- Thomas Lanier Clingman (Representative), Whig, NC
- Howell Cobb (Representative), Democrat, GA
- Williamson Robert Winfield Cobb (Representative), Democrat, AL
- William Ferguson Colcock (Representative), Democrat, SC
- Orsamus Cole (Representative), Whig, WI
- Harmon Sweatland Conger (Representative), Whig, NY
- Charles Magill Conrad (Representative), Whig, LA
- James Cooper (Senator), Whig, PA
- Moses Bledso Corwin (Representative), Whig, OH
- Thomas Corwin (Senator), Whig, OH
- John Crowell (Representative), Whig, OH
[edit] D
- John Reeves Jones Daniel (Representative), Democrat, NC
- Joel Buchanan Danner (Representative), Democrat, PA
- Jefferson Davis (Senator), Democrat, MS
- John Davis (Senator), Whig, MA
- William Crosby Dawson (Senator), Whig, GA
- William Lewis Dayton (Senator), Whig, NJ
- Edmund Deberry (Representative), Whig, NC
- Jesse Column Dickey (Representative), Whig, PA
- Daniel Stevens Dickinson (Senator), Democrat, NY
- Rodolphus Dickinson (Representative), Democrat, OH
- Milo Melankthon Dimmick (Representative), Democrat, PA
- David Tiernan Disney (Representative), Democrat, OH
- Nathan Fellows Dixon (Representative), Whig, RI
- Augustus Caesar Dodge (Senator), Democrat, IA
- Henry Dodge (Senator), Democrat, WI
- James Duane Doty (Representative), Democrat, WI
- Stephen Arnold Douglas (Senator), Democrat, IL
- Solomon Weathersbee Downs (Senator), Democrat, LA
- William Duer (Representative), Whig, NY
- James Henry Duncan (Representative), Whig, MA
- Cyrus Livingston Dunham (Representative), Democrat, IN
- Charles Durkee (Representative), Republican, WI
[edit] E
- Henry Alonzo Edmundson (Representative), Democrat, VA
- Samuel Atkins Eliot (Representative), Whig, MA
- Franklin Harper Elmore (Senator), Democrat, SC
- Alexander Evans (Representative), Whig, MD
- Nathan Evans (Representative), Whig, OH
- Andrew Ewing (Representative), Democratic, TN
- Thomas Ewing (Senator), Anti-Jackson, OH
[edit] F
- Winfield Scott Featherston (Representative), Democrat, MS
- Alpheus Felch (Senator), Democrat, MI
- Graham Newell Fitch (Representative), Democrat, IN
- Henry Stuart Foote (Senator), Democrat, MS
- Orin Fowler (Representative), Whig, MA
- John Freedley (Representative), Whig, PA
- John Charles Fremont (Senator), Democrat, CA
- Thomas James Duncan Fuller (Representative), Democrat, ME
[edit] G
- Meredith Poindexter Gentry (Representative), Whig, TN
- Elbridge Gerry (Representative), Democrat, ME
- Joshua Reed Giddings (Representative), Whig, OH
- Edward Gilbert (Representative), Democrat, CA
- Alfred Gilmore (Representative), Democrat, PA
- Rufus King Goodenow (Representative), Whig, ME
- Willis Arnold Gorman (Representative), Democrat, IN
- Daniel Gott (Representative), Whig, NY
- Herman Day Gould (Representative), Whig, NY
- James Stephen Green (Representative), Democrat, MO
- Albert Collins Greene (Senator), Whig, RI
- Joseph Grinnell (Representative), Whig, MA
- William McKendree Gwin (Senator), Democrat, CA
[edit] H
- Thomas C. Hackett (Representative), Democrat, GA
- John Parker Hale (Senator), Free Soil, NH
- Willard Preble Hall (Representative), Democrat, MO
- Ransom Halloway (Representative), Whig, NY
- William Thomas Hamilton (Representative), Democrat, TN
- Hannibal Hamlin (Senator), Democrat, ME
- Edward Hammond (Representative), Democrat, MD
- Moses Hampton (Representative), Whig, PA
- Hugh A. Haralson (Representative), Democrat, GA
- Andrew Jackson Harlan (Representative), Democrat, IN
- John Henry Harmanson (Representative), Democrat, LA
- Isham Green Harris (Representative), Democrat, TN
- Sampson Willis Harris (Representative), Democrat, AL
- Thomas Langrell Harris (Representative), Democrat, IL
- Andrew Kessler Hay (Representative), Whig, NJ
- Thomas Sherwood Haymond (Representative), Whig, VA
- William Hebard (Representative), Whig, VT
- William Henry (Representative), Whig, VT
- Harry Hibbard (Representative), Democrat, NH
- Henry Washington Hilliard (Representative), Whig, AL
- Moses Hoagland (Representative), Democrat, OH
- Alexander Richmond Holladay (Representative), Democrat, VA
- Isaac Edward Holmes (Representative), Democrat, SC
- John W. Houston (Representative), Whig, DE
- Samuel Houston (Senator), Democrat, TX
- Volney Erskine Howard (Representative), Democrat, TX
- John W. Howe (Representative), Whig, PA
- David Hubbard (Representative), Democrat, AL
- Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter (Senator), Democrat, VA
- William Forrest Hunter (Representative), Whig, OH
[edit] I
- Samuel Williams Inge (Representative), Democrat, AL
[edit] J
- Joseph Webber Jackson (Representative), Democrat, GA
- William Terry Jackson (Representative), Whig, NY
- Andrew Johnson (Representative), Democrat, TN
- James Leeper Johnson (Representative), Whig, KY
- Reverdy Johnson (Senator), Whig, MD
- Robert Ward Johnson (Representative), Democrat, AR
- George Wallace Jones (Senator), Democrat, IA
- George Washington Jones (Representative), Democrat, TN
- George Washington Julian (Representative), Republican, IN
[edit] K
- David Spangler Kaufman (Representative), Democrat, TX
- John Bozman Kerr (Representative), Whig, MD
- Daniel Putnam King (Representative), Whig, MA
- George Gordon King (Representative), Whig, RI
- James Gore King (Representative), Whig, NJ
- John Alsop King (Representative), Whig, NY
- Preston King (Representative), Democrat, NY
- Thomas Butler King (Representative), Whig, GA
- William Rufus de Vane King (Senator), Democrat, AL
[edit] L
- La Sére, Emile (Representative), Democrat, LA
- Shepherd Leffler (Representative), Democrat, IA
- Lewis Charles Levin (Representative), American Party, PA
- Nathaniel Swett Littlefield (Representative), Democrat, ME
[edit] M
- Willie Person Mangum (Senator), Whig, NC
- Horace Mann (Representative), Whig, MA
- Job Mann (Representative), Democrat, PA
- George Perkins Marsh (Representative), Whig, VT
- Humphrey Marshall (Representative), Whig, KY
- James Murray Mason (Senator), Democrat, VA
- John Calvin Mason (Representative), Democrat, KY
- Orsamus Benajah Matteson (Representative), Whig, NY
- John Alexander McClernand (Representative), Democrat, IL
- Joseph Ewing McDonald (Representative), Democrat, IN
- James McDowell (Representative), Democrat, VA
- Edward Wilson McGaughey (Representative), Whig, IN
- Thomas McKissock (Representative), Whig, NY
- James Xavier McLanahan (Representative), Democrat, PA
- Robert Milligan McLane (Representative), Democrat, MD
- Finis Ewing McLean (Representative), Whig, KY
- Fayette McMullen (Representative), Democrat, VA
- John McQueen (Representative), Democrat, SC
- William McWillie (Representative), Democrat, MS
- James Meachem (Representative), Whig, VT
- Richard Kidder Meade (Representative), Democrat, VA
- Daniel Fry Miller (Representative), Whig, IA
- Jacob Welsh Miller (Senator), Whig, NJ
- John Krepps Miller (Representative), Democrat, OH
- John Singleton Millson (Representative), Democrat, VA
- Henry Dunning Moore (Representative), Whig, PA
- Charles Slaughter Morehead (Representative), Whig, KY
- Jonathan David Morris (Representative), Democrat, OH
- George Washington Morrison (Representative), Democrat, NH
- Isaac Edward Morse (Representative), Democrat, LA
- Jackson Morton (Senator), Whig, FL
- Jeremiah Morton (Representative), Whig, VA
[edit] N
- William Nelson (Representative), Whig, NY
- Henry Nes (Representative), Whig, PA
- William Augustus Newell (Representative), Whig, NJ
- Alexander Newman (Representative), Democrat, VA
- Moses Norris Jr. (Senator), Democrat, NH
[edit] O
- Andrew Jackson Ogle (Representative), Whig, PA
- Edson Baldwin Olds (Representative), Democrat, OH
- James Lawrence Orr (Representative), Democrat, SC
- John Otis (Representative), Whig, NC
- David Outlaw (Representative), Whig, NC
- Allen Ferdinand Owen (Representative), Whig, GA
[edit] P
- Richard Parker (Representative), Democrat, VA
- James Alfred Pearce (Senator), Whig, MD
- Charles Hazen Peaslee (Representative), Democrat, NH
- Lucius Benedict Peck (Representative), Democrat, VT
- Alexander Gordon Penn (Representative), Democrat, LA
- John Smith Phelps (Representative), Democrat, MO
- Samuel Shethar Phelps (Senator), Whig, VT
- Jonas Philips Phoenix (Representative), Whig, NY
- Charles Wesley Pitman (Representative), Whig, PA
- Emery Davis Potter (Representative), Democrat, OH
- Paulus Powell (Representative), Democrat, VA
- Thomas George Pratt (Senator), Whig, MD
- Harvey Putnam (Representative), Whig, NY
[edit] R
- Robert Rantoul Jr. (Senator), Democrat, MA
- Robert Rentoul Reed (Representative), Whig, PA
- Gideon Reynolds (Representative), Whig, NY
- Robert Barnwell Rhett (Senator), Democrat, SC
- William Alexander Richardson (Representative), Democrat, IL
- Elijah Risley (Representative), Whig, NY
- John Robbins (Representative), Democrat, PA
- John Larne Robinson (Representative), Democrat, IN
- William Rockhill (Representative), Democrat, IN
- Julius Rockwell (Representative), Whig, MA
- Joseph Mosley Root (Representative), Free Soil, OH
- Robert Lawson Rose (Representative), Whig, NY
- Thomas Ross (Representative), Democrat, PA
- David Rumsey (Representative), Whig, NY
- Thomas Jefferson Rusk (Senator), Democrat, TX
[edit] S
- William Augustus Sackett (Representative), Whig, NY
- John Houston Savage (Representative), Democrat, TN
- Cullen Sawtelle (Representative), Democrat, ME
- Robert Cumming Schenck (Representative), Whig, OH
- Abraham Maus Schermerhorn (Representative), Whig, NY
- John Lawrence Schoolcraft (Representative), Whig, NY
- William King Sebastian (Senator), Democrat, AR
- James Alexander Seddon (Representative), Democrat, VA
- William Henry Seward (Senator), Whig, NY
- Augustine Henry Shepperd (Representative), Whig, NC
- James Shields (Senator), Democrat, IL
- Henry Hastings Sibley (Delegate), Minnesota Territory
- Peter Henry Silvester (Representative), Whig, NY
- Truman Smith (Senator), Whig, CT
- Pierre Soulé (Senator), Democrat, LA
- Elbridge Gerry Spaulding (Representative), Whig, NY
- William Sprague (Representative), Whig, MI
- Presley Spruance (Senator), Whig, DE
- Edward Stanly (Representative), Whig, NC
- Frederick Perry Stanton (Representative), Democrat, TN
- Richard Henry Stanton (Representative), Democrat, KY
- Alexander Hamilton Stephens (Representative), Whig, GA
- Charles Stetson (Representative), Democrat, ME
- Thaddeus Stevens (Representative), Whig, PA
- David Stewart (Senator), Whig, MD
- William Strong (Representative), Democrat, PA
- Daniel Sturgeon (Senator), Democrat, PA
- Charles Sweetser (Representative), Democrat, OH
[edit] T
- John Lampkin Taylor (Representative), Whig, OH
- James Houston Thomas (Representative), Democrat, TN
- Jacob Thompson (Representative), Democrat, MS
- James Thompson (Representative), Democrat, PA
- John Burton Thompson (Representative), Whig, KY
- William Thompson (Representative), Democrat, IA
- John Richardson Thurman (Representative), Whig, NY
- Samuel Royal Thurston (Delegate), Democrat, Oregon Territory
- Robert Augustus Toombs (Representative), Whig, GA
- Amos Tuck (Representative), Whig, NH
- Hopkins Lacy Turney (Senator), Democrat, TN
[edit] U
- Walter Underhill (Representative), Whig, NY
- Joseph Rogers Underwood (Senator), Whig, KY
- William Upham (Senator), Whig, VT
[edit] V
- John Van Dyke (Representative), Whig, NJ
- Abraham Watkins Venable (Representative), Democrat, NC
- Samuel Finley Vinton (Representative), Whig, OH
[edit] W
- Hiram Walden (Representative), Democrat, NY
- Loren Pinckney Waldo (Representative), Democrat, CT
- John Wales (Senator), Whig, DE
- Isaac Pigeon Walker (Senator), Democrat, WI
- Daniel Wallace (Representative), Democrat, SC
- Albert Galiton Watkins (Representative), Whig, TN
- Daniel Webster (Senator), Whig, MA
- Marshall Johnson Wellborn (Representative), Democrat, GA
- John Wentworth (Representative), Democrat, IL
- James Whitcomb (Senator), Democrat, IN
- Hugh White (Representative), Whig, NY
- William Augustus Whittlesey (Representative), Democrat, OH
- Isaac Wildrick (Representative), Democrat, NJ
- Christopher Harris Williams (Representative), Whig, TN
- David Wilmot (Representative), Democrat, PA
- James Wilson (Representative), Whig, NH
- Robert Charles Winthrop (Senator), Whig, MA
- Joseph Addison Woodward (Representative), Democrat, SC
- George Washington Wright (Representative), Independent, CA
[edit] Y
- Timothy Roberts Young (Representative), Democrat, IL
- David Levy Yulee (Senator), Democrat, FL
[edit] Officers
[edit] Senate
- Secretary of the Senate:
- Asbury Dickens of North Carolina elected December 12, 1836.
- Sergeant at Arms of the Senate:
- Robert Beale of Virginia, elected December 9, 1845.
- Chaplain of the Senate
- The Rev. Henry Slicer, Methodist, elected December 16, 1846.
- The Rev. Clement M. Butler, Episcopalian, elected January 9, 1850.
[edit] House of Representatives
- Clerk of the House:
- Thomas J. Campbell of Tennessee, elected January 11, 1850, died April 13, 1850.
- Richard M. Young of Illinois, elected April 17, 1850.
- Sergeant at Arms of the House:
- Adam J. Glossbrenner of Pennsylvania, elected January 11, 1850.
- Doorkeeper of the House:
- Robert E. Horner of New Jersey, elected December 7, 1847, removed May 27, 1850.
- Postmaster of the House:
- John M. Johnson of Virginia, elected January 11, 1850,
- Chaplain of the House
- The Rev. Ralph Gurley, Presbyterian, elected December 6, 1847.
[edit] References
- Remini, Robert V. (2006). The House. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.
- Library of Congress (2006). Statutes at Large, 1789-1875. Retrieved on 2006-06-01.
- Library of Congress (2006). Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress. Retrieved on 2006-06-01.
- Library of Congress (2006). House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress. Retrieved on 2006-06-01.
- U.S. Congress (2005). Biographical Dictionary of the U.S. Congress. Retrieved on 2006-06-01.
- U.S. House of Representatives (2006). Congressional History. Retrieved on 2006-06-01.
- U.S. Senate (2006). Statistics and Lists. Retrieved on 2006-06-01.
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