1st United States Congress - Membership Changes
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The First United States Congress was a meeting of the United States national legislature, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met at Federal Hall, 26 Wall Street in New York, New York and later at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from March 4, 1789 to March 3, 1791, during the first two years of the first administration of U.S. President George Washington.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the provisions of the United States Constitution. Both chambers had a Pro-Administration majority.
- Main article: 1st United States Congress
- See also: 1st United States Congress - Political Parties
- See also: 1st United States Congress - State Delegations
- See also: United States House election, 1789
[edit] Dates of sessions
- First session: March 4, 1789 - September 29, 1789, New York, New York
- Second session: January 4, 1790 - August 12, 1790, New York, New York
- Third session: December 6, 1790 - March 3, 1791, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania — a lame duck session
Previous congress: Continental Congress
Next congress: 2nd Congress
[edit] Party changes
There were no political parties in this Congress. However, the members were informally grouped into factions of similar interest, as shown.
[edit] Senate
| Affiliation | Members | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| opening | net changes | adjournment | ||||
| Anti-Administration | 6 | +1 | 7 | |||
| Pro-Administration | 14 | +5 | 19 | |||
| vacant | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Total | 20 | +6 | 26 | |||
[edit] House of Representatives
| Affiliation | Members | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| opening | net changes | adjournment | ||||
| Anti-Administration | 20 | +5 | 25 | |||
| Pro-Administration | 36 | +3 | 39 | |||
| vacant | 0 | +1 | 1 | |||
| Total | 56 | +9 | 65 | |||
[edit] Membership changes
New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island, were the last states to ratify the U.S. Constitution, and because of their late ratification, were unable to send full representation at the beginning of this Congress. Five Senators and nine Representatives were subsequently seated from these states during the sessions as noted.
[edit] Senate
- deaths: 1
- resignations: 1
- interim appointments: 1
- new seats: 5
- Total seats with changes: 7
| State | Outgoing Senator | Reason for Change | Successor | Date of Successor's Installation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Jersey class 2 |
William Paterson Pro-Adm. |
Resignation. Senator William Paterson resigned on November 13, 1790, to become Governor of New Jersey. |
Philemon Dickinson Pro-Adm. |
December 6, 1790 | ||
| New York class 1 |
new seat | Ratification. New York ratified the constitution on July 26, 1788. |
Philip John Schuyler Pro-Adm. |
July 27, 1789 | ||
| New York class 2 |
new seat | Ratification. New York ratified the constitution on July 26, 1788. |
Rufus King Pro-Adm. |
July 25, 1789 | ||
| North Carolina class 2 |
new seat | Ratification. North Carolina ratified the constitution on November 21, 1789. |
Samuel Johnston Pro-Adm. |
January 29, 1790 | ||
| North Carolina class 3 |
new seat | Ratification. North Carolina ratified the constitution on November 21, 1789. |
Benjamin Hawkins Pro-Adm. |
January 13, 1790 | ||
| Rhode Island class 1 |
new seat | Ratification. Rhode Island ratified the constitution on May 29, 1790. |
Theodore Foster Pro-Adm. |
June 25, 1790 | ||
| Rhode Island class 2 |
new seat | Ratification. Rhode Island ratified the constitution on May 29, 1790. |
Joseph Stanton, Jr. Anti-Adm. |
June 25, 1790 | ||
| Virginia class 1 |
William Grayson Anti-Administration |
Death. Senator William Grayson died on March 12, 1790. |
John Walker Pro-Adm. |
April 26, 1790 | ||
| Virginia class 1 |
John Walker Pro-Adm. |
Interim appointment. James Monroe was elected to the seat of Senator William Grayson. |
James Monroe Anti-Adm. |
December 6, 1790 | ||
[edit] House of Representatives
- deaths: 1
- resignations: 1
- new seats: 9
- Total seats with changes: 11
| District | Outgoing Representative | Reason for Change | Successor | Date of Successor's Installation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Massachusetts 5th |
George Partridge Pro-Adm. |
Resignation. Representative George Partridge resigned August 14, 1790. |
vacant | not filled | ||
| New York 4th |
new seat | Ratification. New York ratified the constitution on July 26, 1788. |
John Hathorn Anti-Adm. |
June 23, 1790 | ||
| New York 5th |
new seat | Ratification. New York ratified the constitution on July 26, 1788. |
Peter Silvester Pro-Adm. |
June 22, 1790 | ||
| New York 6th |
new seat | Ratification. New York ratified the constitution on July 26, 1788. |
Jeremiah Van Rensselaer Anti-Adm. |
May 9, 1790 | ||
| North Carolina 1st |
new seat | Ratification. North Carolina ratified the constitution on November 21, 1789. |
John Baptista Ashe Anti-Adm. |
March 24, 1790 | ||
| North Carolina 2nd |
new seat | Ratification. North Carolina ratified the constitution on November 21, 1789. |
Timothy Bloodworth Anti-Adm. |
April 6, 1790 | ||
| North Carolina 3rd |
new seat | Ratification. North Carolina ratified the constitution on November 21, 1789. |
John Sevier Anti-Adm. |
June 16, 1790 | ||
| North Carolina 4th |
new seat | Ratification. North Carolina ratified the constitution on November 21, 1789. |
John Steele Pro-Adm. |
April 19, 1790 | ||
| North Carolina 5th |
new seat | Ratification. North Carolina ratified the constitution on November 21, 1789. |
Hugh Williamson Pro-Adm. |
March 19, 1790 | ||
| Rhode Island at-large |
new seat | Ratification. Rhode Island ratified the constitution on May 29, 1790. |
Benjamin Bourne Pro-Adm. |
December 17, 1790 | ||
| Virginia 1st at-large |
Theodorick Bland Anti-Adm. |
Death. Representative Theodorick Bland died on June 1, 1790. |
William B. Giles Anti-Adm. |
December 7, 1790 | ||
[edit] References
- Remini, Robert V. (2006). The House. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.
- 1st Federal Congress Project (2006). 1st Federal Congress Project. The George Washington University. Retrieved on 2006-07-01.
- Library of Congress (2006). Statutes at Large, 1789-1875. Retrieved on 2006-07-01.
- Library of Congress (2006). Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress. Retrieved on 2006-07-01.
- Library of Congress (2006). House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress. Retrieved on 2006-07-01.
- U.S. Congress (2005). Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Retrieved on 2006-07-01.
- U.S. House of Representatives (2006). Congressional History. Retrieved on 2006-07-01.
- U.S. Senate (2006). Statistics and Lists. Retrieved on 2006-07-01.
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