18th United States Congress
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The Eighteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the United States national legislature, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1823 to March 3, 1825, during the last two years of the second administration of U.S. President James Monroe.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. Both chambers had a Jacksonian Democratic-Republican majority.
[edit] Dates of sessions
- First session: December 1, 1823 - May 27, 1824
- Second session: December 6, 1824 - March 3, 1825 — a lame duck session
Previous congress: 17th Congress
Next congress: 19th Congress
[edit] Major events
- Main article: Events of 1823; Events of 1824; Events of 1825
- December 2, 1823 – The Monroe Doctrine was pronounced.
[edit] Major legislation
- February 9, 1825, The House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams President of the United States.
[edit] Party summary
The count below reflects party affiliation at the beginning of the first session of this congress, with the addition of members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Subsequent changes are reflected below in the "Changes in Membership" section.
[edit] Senate
- Jackson & Crawford Democratic-Republican: 31 (majority)
- Adams Democratic-Republican/ Federalist: 17
TOTAL members: 48
[edit] House of Representatives
- Jackson & Crawford Democratic-Republican/ Federalist: 126 (majority)
- Adams Democratic-Republican/ Federalist: 87
TOTAL members: 213
[edit] Leadership
[edit] Senate
- Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
- President pro tempore of the Senate:
- John Gaillard, Democratic-Republican of South Carolina, elected December 1, 1823.
[edit] House of Representatives
- Speaker of the House
- Henry Clay, Democratic-Republican of Kentucky, elected December 1, 1823.
[edit] Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
- See also: 18th United States Congress - Political Parties
- See also: 18th United States Congress - State Delegations
- See also: United States House election, 1822
[edit] Senate
At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1826; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1828; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1824.
- Alabama
- Connecticut
- 3. James Lanman (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 1. Elijah Boardman (Jackson Dem.-Rep.) …died August 18, 1823.
- Henry W. Edwards (Jackson Dem.-Rep.) …appointed to fill vacancy, October 8, 1823, subsequently elected.
- Delaware
- 2. Nicholas Van Dyke (Adams Fed.)
- 1. Thomas Clayton (Adams Fed.) …elected to fill vacancy from preceding Congress, January 8, 1824.
- Georgia
- 3. John Elliott (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 2. Nicholas Ware (Crawford Dem.-Rep.) …died September 7, 1824.
- Thomas W. Cobb (Crawford Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, November 4, 1824.
- Illinois
- 2. Jesse B. Thomas (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 3. Ninian Edwards (Adams Dem.-Rep.) …resigned March 4, 1824.
- John McLean (Crawford Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, November 23, 1824.
- Indiana
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- 2. Henry Johnson (Adams Dem.-Rep.) …resigned May 27, 1824.
- Charles D.J. Bouligny (Adams Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, November 19, 1824.
- 3. James Brown (Adams Dem.-Rep.) …resigned December 10, 1823.
- Josiah S. Johnston (Adams Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, January 15, 1824.
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- 1. Elijah H. Mills (Adams Fed.)
- 2. James Lloyd (Adams Fed.)
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- 2. Mahlon Dickerson (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 1. Joseph McIlvaine (Adams Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy from preceding Congress, November 12, 1823.
- New York
- North Carolina
- Ohio
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- Tennessee
- Vermont
- Virginia
- 1. James Barbour (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 2. John Taylor (Crawford Dem.-Rep.) ...died August 20, 1824.
- Littleton W. Tazewell (Jackson Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, December 7, 1824.
[edit] House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.
Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.
- Alabama
- 1. Gabriel Moore (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 2. John McKee (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 3. George W. Owen (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- Connecticut [1]
- A/L. Noyes Barber (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. Samuel A. Foote (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. Lemuel Whitman (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. Ansel Sterling (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. Ebenezer Stoddard (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. Gideon Tomlinson (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- Delaware
- Georgia [2]
- A/L. Joel Abbott (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. George Cary (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. Thomas W. Cobb (Crawford Dem.-Rep.) …resigned December 6, 1824.
- Richard H. Wilde (Crawford Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated February 7, 1825.
- A/L. Alfred Cuthbert (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. John Forsyth (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. Edward F. Tattnall (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. Wiley Thompson (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- Illinois
- Indiana
- 1. William Prince (Jackson Dem.-Rep.) …died September 4, 1824.
- Jacob Call (Jackson Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 23, 1824.
- 2. Jonathan Jennings (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 3. John Test (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- Kentucky
- 1. David Trimble (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 2. Thomas Metcalfe (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 3. Henry Clay (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 4. Robert P. Letcher (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 5. John T. Johnson (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 6. David White (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 7. Thomas P. Moore (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 8. Richard A. Buckner (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 9. Charles A. Wickliffe (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 10. Francis Johnson (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 11. Philip Thompson (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 12. Robert P. Henry (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- Louisiana
- 1. Edward Livingston (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 2. Henry H. Gurley (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 3. William L. Brent (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- Maine
- 1. William Burleigh (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 2. Stephen Longfellow (Adams Fed.)
- 3. Ebenezer Herrick (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 4. Joshua Cushman (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 5. Enoch Lincoln (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 6. Jeremiah O'Brien (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 7. David Kidder (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- Maryland [3]
- 1. Raphael Neale (Adams Fed.)
- 2. Joseph Kent (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 3. Henry R. Warfield (Adams Fed.)
- 4. John Lee (Jackson Fed.)
- 5. Peter Little (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 5. Isaac McKim (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 6. George E. Mitchell (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 7. William Hayward, Jr. (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 8. John S. Spence (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- Massachusetts
- 1. Daniel Webster (Adams Fed.)
- 2. Benjamin W. Crowninshield (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 3. Jeremiah Nelson (Adams Fed.)
- 4. Timothy Fuller (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 5. Jonas Sibley (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 6. John Locke (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 7. Samuel C. Allen (Adams Fed.)
- 8. Samuel Lathrop (Adams Fed.)
- 9. Henry W. Dwight (Adams Fed.)
- 10. John Bailey (Adams Dem.-Rep.) …contested election, seated December 13, 1824.
- 11. Aaron Hobart (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 12. Francis Baylies (Jackson Fed.)
- 13. John Reed (Adams Fed.)
- Mississippi
- A/L. Christopher Rankin (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- Missouri
- A/L. John Scott (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- New Hampshire [4]
- A/L. Ichabod Bartlett (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. Matthew Harvey (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. Arthur Livermore (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. Aaron Matson (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. William Plumer, Jr. (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. Thomas Whipple, Jr. (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- New Jersey [5]
- A/L. George Cassedy (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. Lewis Condict (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. Daniel Garrison (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. George Holcombe (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. James Matlack (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. Samuel Swan (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- New York [6]
- 1. Silas Wood (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 2. Jacob Tyson (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 3. Churchill C. Cambreleng (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 3. John J. Morgan (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 3. Peter Sharpe (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 4. Joel Frost (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 5. William W. Van Wyck (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 6. Hector Craig (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 7. Lemuel Jenkins (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 8. James Strong (Adams Fed.)
- 9. James L. Hogeboom (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 10. Stephen Van Rensselaer (Adams Fed.)
- 11. Charles A. Foote (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 12. Lewis Eaton (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 13. Isaac Williams, Jr. (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 14. Henry R. Storrs (Adams Fed.)
- 15. John Herkimer (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 16. John W. Cady (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 17. John W. Taylor (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 18. Henry C. Martindale (Adams Fed.)
- 19. John Richards (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 20. Ela Collins (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 20. Egbert Ten Eyck (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 21. Lot Clark (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 22. Justin Dwinell (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 23. Elisha Litchfield (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 24. Rowland Day (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 25. Samuel Lawrence (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 26. Dudley Marvin (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 26. Robert S. Rose (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 27. Moses Hayden (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 28. William B. Rochester (Adams Dem.-Rep.) …resigned before Congress assembled.
- William Woods (Adams Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 1, 1823.
- 29. Isaac Wilson (Adams Dem.-Rep.) …contested election, served until January 7, 1824.
- Parmenio Adams (Adams Dem.-Rep.) …contested election, seated January 7, 1824.
- 30. Albert H. Tracy (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- North Carolina
- 1. Alfred M. Gatlin (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 2. Hutchins G. Burton (Crawford Dem.-Rep.) …resigned March 23, 1824.
- George Outlaw (Crawford Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 19, 1825.
- 3. Thomas H. Hall (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 4. Richard D. Spaight, Jr. (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 5. Charles Hooks (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 6. Weldon N. Edwards (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 7. John Culpepper (Adams Fed.)
- 8. Willie P. Mangum (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 9. Romulus M. Saunders (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 10. John Long (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 11. Henry W. Connor (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 12. Robert B. Vance (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 13. Lewis Williams (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- Ohio
- 1. James W. Gazlay (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 2. Thomas R. Ross (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 3. William McLean (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 4. Joseph Vance (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 5. John W. Campbell (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 6. Duncan McArthur (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 7. Samuel F. Vinton (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 8. William Wilson (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 9. Philemon Beecher (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 10. John Patterson (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 11. John C. Wright (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 12. John Sloane (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 13. Elisha Whittlesey (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 14. Mordecai Bartley (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- Pennsylvania [7]
- 1. Samuel Breck (Adams Fed.)
- 2. Joseph Hemphill (Jackson Fed.)
- 3. Daniel H. Miller (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 4. James Buchanan (Jackson Fed.)
- 4. Samuel Edwards (Jackson Fed.)
- 4. Isaac Wayne (Jackson Fed.)
- 5. Philip S. Markley (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 6. Robert Harris (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 7. Daniel Udree (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 7. Henry Wilson (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 8. Samuel D. Ingham (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 8. Thomas J. Rogers (Jackson Dem.-Rep.) …resigned April 20, 1824.
- George Wolf (Jackson Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 9, 1824.
- 9. William Cox Ellis (Jackson Fed.)
- 9. George Kremer (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 9. Samuel McKean (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 10. James S. Mitchell (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 11. John Findlay (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 11. James Wilson (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 12. John Brown (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 13. John Tod (Jackson Dem.-Rep.) …resigned in 1824.
- Alexander Thomson (Jackson Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6, 1824.
- 14. Andrew Stewart (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 15. Thomas Patterson (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 16. James Allison, Jr. (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 16. Walter Forward (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 17. George Plumer (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 18. Patrick Farrelly (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- Rhode Island [8]
- A/L. Job Durfee (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. Samuel Eddy (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- South Carolina
- 1. Joel R. Poinsett (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 2. James Hamilton, Jr. (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 3. Robert B. Campbell (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 4. Andrew R. Govan (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 5. George McDuffie (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 6. John Wilson (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 7. Joseph Gist (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 8. John Carter (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 9. Starling Tucker (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- Tennessee
- 1. John Blair (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 2. John Cocke (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 3. James I. Standifer (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 4. Jacob C. Isacks (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 5. Robert Allen (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 6. James T. Sandford (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 7. Samuel Houston (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 8. James B. Reynolds (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 9. Adam R. Alexander (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- Vermont [9]
- A/L. William C. Bradley (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. Daniel A.A. Buck (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. Samuel C. Crafts (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. Rollin C. Mallary (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- A/L. Charles Rich (Adams Dem.-Rep.) …died October 15, 1824.
- Henry Olin (Adams Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 13, 1824.
- Virginia
- 1. Thomas Newton, Jr. (Adams Dem.-Rep.)
- 2. Arthur Smith (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 3. William S. Archer (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 4. Mark Alexander (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 5. John Randolph (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 6. George Tucker (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 7. Jabez Leftwich (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 8. Burwell Bassett (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 9. Andrew Stevenson (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 10. William C. Rives (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 11. Philip P. Barbour (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 12. Robert S. Garnett (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 13. William L. Ball (Crawford Dem.-Rep.) …died February 28, 1824.
- John Taliaferro (Crawford Dem.-Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated April 8, 1824.
- 14. Charles F. Mercer (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 15. John S. Barbour (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 16. James Stephenson (Crawford Fed.)
- 17. Jared Williams (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 18. Joseph Johnson (Jackson Dem.-Rep.)
- 19. William McCoy (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 20. John Floyd (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 21. William Smith (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
- 22. Alexander Smyth (Crawford Dem.-Rep.)
[edit] Delegates
- Arkansas Territory
- Florida Territory
- Michigan Territory
[edit] Changes in Membership
The counts below reflect changes from the beginning of the first session of this congress.
[edit] Senate
- deaths: 3
- resignations: 3
- vacancy: 2
- Total seats with changes: 8
[edit] House of Representatives
- replacements:
- deaths: 3
- resignations: 5
- contested election: 1
- Total seats with changes: 10
[edit] Officers
[edit] Senate
- Secretary of the Senate:
- Charles Cutts of New Hampshire elected October 11, 1814.
- Sergeant at Arms of the Senate:
- Mountjoy Bayly of New Hampshire, elected November 6, 1811.
- Chaplain of the Senate
- The Rev. William Staughton, Baptist, elected December 10, 1823.
- The Rev. Charles P. McIlvaine, Episcopalian, elected December 14, 1824.
[edit] House of Representatives
- Clerk of the House:
- Matthew St. Claire Clarke of Pennsylvania, elected December 1, 1823.
- Sergeant at Arms of the House:
- Thomas Dunn of Maryland, elected December 1, 1823, died in office.
- John O. Dunn of District of Columbia, elected December 6, 1824.
- Doorkeeper of the House:
- Benjamin Birch of Maryland, elected December 1, 1823.
- Chaplain of the House
- The Rev. Henry B. Bascom, Methodist, elected December 1, 1823.
- The Rev. Reuben Post, Presbyterian, elected December 6, 1824.
[edit] Other
- Architect of the Capitol:
- Charles Bulfinch, appointed January 8, 1818.
[edit] Notes
- ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
- ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
- ^ the 5th district was a plural district with two representatives
- ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
- ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
- ^ there were three plural districts, the 20th & 26th had two representatives each, the 3rd had three representatives
- ^ there were six plural districts, the 7th, 8th, 11th & 16th had two representatives each, the 4th & 9th had three representatives each
- ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
- ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
[edit] References
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company.
[edit] External links
- Statutes at Large, 1789-1875 [1]
- Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [2]
- House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [3]
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress [4]
- U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History [5]
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists [6]
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