17th century
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Millennium: | 1st millennium - 2nd millennium - 3rd millennium |
Centuries: | 16th century - 17th century - 18th century |
Decades: | 1600s 1610s 1620s 1630s 1640s 1650s 1660s 1670s 1680s 1690s |
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700 in the Gregorian calendar.
Contents |
[edit] Events
[edit] 1600s
- 1601: Battle of Kinsale, one of the most important battles in Irish history, fought.
- 1602: Dutch East India Company founded. Its success contributes to the Dutch Golden Age.
- 1603: Elizabeth I of England dies and is succeeded by her cousin King James VI of Scotland, uniting the crowns of Scotland and England.
- 1603: Tokugawa Ieyasu seizes control of Japan and establishes the Tokugawa Shogunate which rules the country until 1868.
- 1603-23: After modernizing his army, Abbas I expands Persia by capturing territory from the Ottomans and the Portuguese.
- 1605: Gunpowder Plot failed in England.
- 1607: The London Company establishes the Jamestown Settlement in North America precipitating the British colonization of the Americas.
- 1608: Quebec City founded by Samuel de Champlain in New France (present-day Canada).
[edit] 1610s
- 1611: The King James Version of the Bible is completed.
- 1613: The Time of Troubles in Russia ends with the establishment of the House of Romanov which rules until 1917.
- 1615: The Mughal Empire grants extensive trading rights to the British East India Company.
- 1618-48: The Thirty Years' War devastates Central Europe.
[edit] 1620s
- 1624-42: As chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu centralizes power in France.
- 1625: New Amsterdam founded by the Dutch West India Company in North America.
[edit] 1630s
- 1637: The Dutch tulip mania bubble bursts.
- 1637: The Pequot War, the first of the American Indian Wars
- 1639-51: Wars of the Three Kingdoms, civil wars throughout Scotland, Ireland, and England.
[edit] 1640s
- 1640: Portugal regains its independence from Spain bringing an end to the Iberian Union.
- 1640: Torture is outlawed in England.
- 1641: The Tokugawa Shogunate institutes Sakoku- foreigners are expelled and no one is allowed to enter or leave Japan.
- 1642: Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman achieves the first recorded European sighting of New Zealand.
- 1644: The Manchu conquer China ending the Ming Dynasty. The subsequent Qing Dynasty rules until 1912.
- 1648: The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years' War and the Eighty Years' War and marks the ends of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire as major European powers.
- 1648-53: Fronde civil war in France.
- 1648-67: The Deluge wars leave Poland in ruins.
- 1648-69: The Ottoman Empire captures Crete from the Venetians after the Siege of Candia.
[edit] 1650s
- 1652: Cape Town founded by the Dutch East India Company in South Africa.
- 1652: Anglo-Dutch Wars begin.
- 1655-61: The Northern Wars cement Sweden's rise as a Great Power.
- 1656: Velázquez paints Las Meninas
[edit] 1660s
- 1660: The Commonwealth of England ends and the monarchy is brought back during the English Restoration.
- 1660: Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge founded.
- 1661: The reign of the Kangxi Emperor of China begins.
- 1662: Koxinga captures Taiwan from the Dutch and founds the Kingdom of Tungning which rules until 1683.
- 1663: France takes full political and military control over its colonial possessions in New France.
- 1664: British troops capture New Amsterdam and rename it New York.
- 1665: Portugal defeats the Kongo Empire.
- 1666: The Great Fire of London.
- 1667-99: The Great Turkish War halts the Ottoman Empire's expansion into Europe.
[edit] 1670s
- 1670: The Hudson's Bay Company is founded in Canada.
- 1672-78: Franco-Dutch War
- 1674: Maratha Empire founded in India by Shivaji.
- 1676: Russia and the Ottoman Empire commence the Russo-Turkish Wars.
[edit] 1680s
- 1682: Peter the Great becomes joint ruler of Russia (sole tsar in 1696).
- 1682: La Salle explores the length of the Mississippi River and claims Louisiana for France.
- 1683: China conquers the Kingdom of Tungning and annexes Taiwan.
- 1685: Edict of Fontainebleau outlaws Protestantism in France.
- 1687: Isaac Newton publishes Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica.
- 1688-89: After the Glorious Revolution, England becomes a constitutional monarchy and the Dutch Republic goes into decline.
- 1688-97: The Grand Alliance sought to stop French expansion during the Nine Years War.
- 1689: Nerchinsk Treaty establishes a border between Russia and China.
[edit] 1690s
- 1692: Salem witch trials in Massachusetts.
- 1700-21: Russia supplants Sweden as the dominant Baltic power after the Great Northern War.
[edit] Significant people
- Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden (1594-1632).
- Tokugawa Ieyasu
- Francis Bacon, English philosopher and politician (1561-1626).
- Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer of genius(1685-1750)
- Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez, Spanish painter (1599-1660)
- Pierre Corneille, French dramatist (1606 - 1684)
- William Harvey, medical doctor (1578 – 1657)
- Jean Racine, French dramatist (1639 - 1699)
- Molière, French dramatist, actor, director (1622 - 1673)
- Jean de La Fontaine French poet (1621 - 1695)
- Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux (1636 - 1711) French poet and critic
- Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598 - 1680) Italian artist
- Jean-Baptiste Lully Italian-born French compsoer (1632 - 1687)
- André Le Nôtre French landscape architect (1613 - 1700)
- Gabriel Bethlen, Hungarian prince of Transylvania (1580-1629)
- Sir Thomas Browne, English author, philosopher and scientist (1605-1682).
- Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Spanish author (1574 - 1616)
- Charles I of England (1600 - 1649).
- Charles II of England (1630 - 1685).
- Queen Christina of Sweden, high profile Catholic convert, matron of arts (1626 - 1689)
- Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (1599 - 1658)
- Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (1626 - 1712).
- René Descartes, French philosopher and mathematician (1596 - 1650)
- John Donne, English metaphysical poet (1572 - 1631)
- John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester (1647 - 1680) English poet
- Elizabeth I of England (1533 - 1603).
- Galileo Galilei, Italian natural philosopher (1564 - 1642)
- Andreas Gryphius, German poet and dramatist(1616 - 1664)
- Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher and mathematician (1588 - 1679)
- Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer (1629 - 1695)
- Johannes Kepler, German astronomer (1571 - 1630)
- Gottfried Leibniz, German philosopher and mathematician (1646 - 1716)
- John Locke, English philosopher (1632 - 1704)
- James I of England (1566 - 1625).
- James II of England (1633 - 1701).
- Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (1640 - 1705)
- Louis XIV, King of France, (1638 - 1715)
- Mary II of England (1662 - 1694).
- Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh (d.1671), Irish historian and genealogist.
- John Milton, English author and poet (1608 - 1674)
- Miyamoto Musashi, famous warrior in Japan, author of The Book of Five Rings, a treatise on strategy and martial combat. (1584 - 1645)
- Isaac Newton, English physicist and mathematician (1642 - 1727)
- Blaise Pascal, French theologian, mathematician and physicist (1623 - 1662)
- Pierre de Fermat French lawyer and mathematician 1601 – 1665
- John Dryden, English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright (1631 - 1700)
- Samuel Pepys, English civil servant and diarist (1633 - 1703)
- Henry Purcell, English composer (1659 - 1695)
- Samarth Ramdas, Hindu saint (1608 - 1681)
- Sant Tukaram, Hindu saint (1600 - 1650)
- Anne of Austria (1601 - 1666) Queen consort and regent of France
- Cardinal Richelieu, French cardinal, duke, and politician (1585 - 1642)
- Cardinal Mazarin, French cardinal and politician of Italian origin (1602 - 1661)
- Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan (1641 - 1707) lover of Louis XIV
- Françoise d'Aubigné, marquise de Maintenon (1635 - 1719 second wife of Louis XIV
- Rembrandt van Rijn, Dutch painter (1606 - 1669)
- William Shakespeare, English author and poet (1564 - 1616)
- Pedro Calderón de la Barca Spanish dramatist (1600 - 1681)
- Shivaji Bhonsle, Hindu king, 1st Maratha ruler, established Hindavi Swaraj. (1630-1680)
- Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher (1632 - 1677)
- Seathrún Céitinn, Irish historian (ca. 1569 - ca. 1644)
- Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland (1629 - 1696)
- Imre Thököly, prince of Transylvania, leader of the anti-Habsburg uprising in Hungary (1657 - 1705)
- Albrecht von Wallenstein, German general in the Thirty Years' War, Catholic (1583 - 1634)
- William III of England (1650 - 1702).
- Abel Janszoon Tasman (1603 - 1659), Dutch seafarer and explorer.
- Michiel de Ruyter (1607 - 1676), Dutch admiral
- Guru Teg Bahadur, (1621 - 1675), 9th Sikh Guru
- Peter the Great, (1672 - 1725), Russian tsar
[edit] Inventions, discoveries, introductions
List of 17th century inventions
Major changes in philosophy and science take place, often characterized as the Scientific revolution.
- First measurement of the speed of light, 1676.
- Banknotes were reintroduced in Europe.
- Ice cream
- Tea and coffee become popular in Europe.
- Central Banking in France and modern Finance by Scottish economist John Law.
- 1609: Johann Carolas of Germany published the 'Relation', the first newspaper
- 1610: The Orion Nebula was identified by Nicolas de Peiresc of France
- c. 1612: The first flintlock musket was likely created for Louis XIII of France by gunsmith Marin de Bourgeoys
- 1620: Funded by James I of England, Cornelius Drebbei built the first 'submarine' made of wood and greased leather
- 1623: The first English dictonary, 'English Dictionarie' was published by Henry Cockeram, listing difficult words with definitions
- 1642: Mezzotint engraving introduced grey tones to printed images
- 1643: Evangelista Torricelli of Italy invented the mercury Barometer
- 1645: Giacomo Torelli of Venice, Italy invented the first rotating stage
- 1657: Christiaan Huygens developed the first functional pendulum clock based on the learnings of Galileo Galilei
- 1663: The first reflecting telescope was built by James Gregory based on suggestions of Italian astronomer Niccolo Zucchi
- c. 1670: Monk Dom Perignon discovered Champagne in France
- 1676: Antoni van Leeuwenhoek first discovered Bacteria
- 1679: Binary system developed by Gottfried Leibnitz, possibly influenced by Shao Yung
- 1684: Calculus independently developed by both Gottfried Leibnitz and Sir Issac Newton and used to formulate classical mechanics.
[edit] Decades and years
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4th BC: | 40th BC | 39th BC | 38th BC | 37th BC | 36th BC | 35th BC | 34th BC | 33rd BC | 32nd BC | 31st BC |
3rd BC: | 30th BC | 29th BC | 28th BC | 27th BC | 26th BC | 25th BC | 24th BC | 23rd BC | 22nd BC | 21st BC |
2nd BC: | 20th BC | 19th BC | 18th BC | 17th BC | 16th BC | 15th BC | 14th BC | 13th BC | 12th BC | 11th BC |
1st BC: | 10th BC | 9th BC | 8th BC | 7th BC | 6th BC | 5th BC | 4th BC | 3rd BC | 2nd BC | 1st BC |
1st: | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th |
2nd: | 11th | 12th | 13th | 14th | 15th | 16th | 17th | 18th | 19th | 20th |
3rd: | 21st | 22nd | 23rd | 24th | 25th | 26th | 27th | 28th | 29th | 30th |
4th: | 31st | 32nd | 33rd | 34th | 35th | 36th | 37th | 38th | 39th | 40th |