1781
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| Centuries: | 17th century - 18th century - 19th century |
| Decades: | 1750s 1760s 1770s - 1780s - 1790s 1800s 1810s |
| Years: | 1778 1779 1780 - 1781 - 1782 1783 1784 |
| 1781 in topic: |
| Arts |
| Archaeology - Architecture - Art - Literature - Music |
| Other topics |
| Canada - Mexico - Science |
| Lists of leaders |
| Colonial governors - State leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births - Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments - Disestablishments |
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| Works |
Year 1781 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar).
Contents |
[edit] Events
[edit] January - June
- January 5 - American Revolutionary War: Richmond, Virginia is burned by British naval forces led by Benedict Arnold.
- January 17 - American Revolutionary War: Americans under Daniel Morgan defeat British forces at the Battle of Cowpens.
- January 30 - Articles of Confederation ratified by 13th state, Maryland.
- January - William Pitt the Younger, later Prime Minister, enters Parliament.
- March 1 - American Continental Congress implements the Articles of Confederation.
![March 13: Uranus discovered [image in false color].](../../../upload/thumb/3/35/Uranus_with_rings_PIA01280.jpg/150px-Uranus_with_rings_PIA01280.jpg)
- March 13 - Sir William Herschel discovers the planet Uranus. Originally he calls it Georgium Sidus (George's Star) in honour of King George III of England.
- March 15 - American Revolutionary War: American General Nathanael Greene loses Battle of Guilford Court House to British.
[edit] July - December
- July 27 - French spy Francis Henry de la Motte executed in Tyburn prison in England for high treason
- August 30 - American Revolutionary War: French fleet under Comte de Grasse enters Chesapeake Bay, cutting British General Charles Cornwallis off from escape by sea.
- September 4 - Los Angeles is founded as El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora La Reina de Los Ángeles de Porciuncula (City of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels of Porciuncula) by a group of 44 Spanish settlers.
- September 5 - British fleet under Thomas Graves arrives and fights de Grasse, but to no effect.
- September 6 - The British army attacks a fort in Groton, Connecticut which became known as the Battle of Groton Heights.
- September 10 - Graves gives up trying to break through the now-reinforced French fleet and returns to New York, leaving Cornwallis to his fate.
- October 19 - Following the Siege of Yorktown, General Charles Cornwallis surrenders to General George Washington at Yorktown, Virginia, ending the armed struggle of the American Revolutionary War.
- October 20 - Patent of Tolerance, providing limited freedom of worship, was approved in Habsburg Monarchy.
- November 5 - John Hanson is elected President of the Continental Congress.
- November 29 - The slave ship Zong dumps its living cargo into the sea in order to claim insurance.
- November 29 - Henry Hurle officially founds the Ancient Order of Druids(AOD) in London, England.
- December 12 - French and British fleets fight in the Second Battle of Ushant.
[edit] Unknown dates
- Bank of North America is chartered by the Continental Congress.
- Charles Messier publishes final catalog of Messier objects.
- Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovers tungsten.
- Immanuel Kant publishes Critique of Pure Reason.
- Jeremy Bentham formulates utilitarian ethics.
- Reverend Samuel Peters publishes General History of Connecticut, using the term blue law for the first time.
- Antonio Salieri selected as music teacher of Princess of Württemberg over Mozart.
[edit] Births
| Gregorian calendar | 1781 MDCCLXXXI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2534 |
| Armenian calendar | 1230 ԹՎ ՌՄԼ |
| Chinese calendar | 4417/4477-12-7 (庚子年十二月初七日) — to —
4418/4478-11-17(辛丑年十一月十七日) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1773 – 1774 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5541 – 5542 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1836 – 1837 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1703 – 1704 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4882 – 4883 |
| Iranian calendar | 1159 – 1160 |
| Islamic calendar | 1195 – 1196 |
| Japanese calendar | Tenmei 1 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2324 |
- January 26 - Achim von Arnim, German writer (d. 1831)
- January 30 - Adelbert von Chamisso, German writer (d. 1838)
- February 17 - Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec, French physician and inventor (d. 1826)
- March 4 - Rebecca Gratz, American educator and philanthropist (d. 1869)
- March 13 - Karl Friedrich Schinkel, German architect and painter (d. 1841)
- June 9- George Stephenson, English engineer (d. 1848)
- June 21 - Siméon-Denis Poisson, French mathematician and physicist (d. 1840)
- July 6 - Thomas Stamford Raffles, English founder of Singapore (d. 1826)
- July 6 - John D. Sloat, American naval officer (d. 1867)
- July 27 - Mauro Giuliani, Italian composer (d. 1828)
- September 3 - Eugène de Beauharnais, French nobleman, son of Napoleon's wife Josephine (d. 1824)
- September 6 - Anton Diabelli, Austrian music publisher, editor, and composer (d. 1858)
- October 1 - James Lawrence, U.S. Navy officer (d. 1813)
- November 6 - Lucy Aikin, English writer (d. 1864)
- November 20 - Karl Friedrich Eichhorn, German jurist (d. 1854)
- November 29 - Andrés Bello, Venezuelan poet, lawmaker, teacher, philosopher and sociologist (d. 1865)
- November 30 - Alexander Berry, Scottish adventurer and Australian pioneer (d. 1873)
- December 11 - Sir David Brewster, Scottish physicist (d. 1868)
- William Williams of Wern, minister (d. 1840)
- Shaka Zulu King of the Zulu people. (d. circa 22 September 1828)
[edit] Deaths
- January 12 - Richard Challoner, English Catholic prelate (b. 1691)
- January 15 - Marianne Victoria of Borbón, queen regent of Portugal (b. 1718)
- February 15 - Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, German author and philosopher (b. 1729)
- February 23 - George Taylor, American signer of the Declaration of Independence
- February 24 - Edward Capell, English critic (b. 1713)
- March 18 - Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Baron de Laune, French statesman and economist (b. 1727)
- April 23 - James Abercrombie, British general (b. 1706)
- April 28 - Cornelius Harnett, American delegate to the Continental Congress (b. 1723)
- May 8 - Richard Jago, English poet (b. 1715)
- May 27 - Giovanni Battista Beccaria, Italian physicist (b. 1716)
- July 18 - Padre Francisco Garcés, Spanish missionary (killed) (b. 1738)
- July 23 - John Joachim Zubly, Swiss-born Continental Congressman (b. 1724)
- September 28 - William Henry Nassau de Zuylestein, 4th Earl of Rochford, British diplomat and statesman (b. 1717)
- October 16 - Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke, British naval officer (b. 1705)
- November 4 - Johann Nikolaus Götz, German poet (b. 1721)
- Peter Scheemakers, Flemish sculptor (b. 1691)
